From 059c8cba5956cb13f1cbf234b1d9deb4c5733e09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: RyuJongJin <266630912+RyuJongJin@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Oct 2026 23:10:42 +0900
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=EC=84=A4=EC=A0=95=20A=20=EB=B6=84=EC=95=BC=204?=
 =?UTF-8?q?:=20=EB=B3=B5=EC=82=AC=20=C2=B7=20=EC=9D=B4=EB=8F=99=20=C2=B7?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20rsync=20=C2=B7=20=EC=8B=A4=EC=8B=9C=EA=B0=84=20=EB=8F=99?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EA=B8=B0=ED=99=94=20(CopySettings)=20-=20=ED=82=A4=2016=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=C2=B7=20=EB=8F=84=EC=9A=B0=EB=AF=B8=20=5Fmethod=20=ED=95=A8?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EA=BB=98?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 부르는 곳: s.copyTasks → s.copy.tasks 꼴 (RsyncRun 의 자기 필드 copySkipNewer 는 그대로 - 같은 이름이라 잘못 바뀐 것을 되돌림)
- 문서 주석 [AppSettings.x] → [CopySettings.x] 등

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 integration_test/copy_sync_shot_test.dart     |   6 +-
 integration_test/monitor_shot_test.dart       |   2 +-
 integration_test/rsync_page_test.dart         |  20 ++--
 integration_test/windows_b3_shot_test.dart    |   2 +-
 .../windows_bigtext_shot_test.dart            |   6 +-
 .../windows_live_excl_shot_test.dart          |   8 +-
 .../windows_lsync_p0_shot_test.dart           |  10 +-
 .../windows_move_left_shot_test.dart          |   2 +-
 .../windows_rsync_narrow_shot_test.dart       |   2 +-
 lib/app/copy_center.dart                      |  32 +++---
 lib/app/live_sync.dart                        |  44 ++++----
 lib/app/settings.dart                         |  77 ++-----------
 lib/app/settings/copy_settings.dart           | 102 ++++++++++++++++++
 lib/main.dart                                 |  10 +-
 lib/ui/archive_ui.dart                        |   8 +-
 lib/ui/copy_sync_settings.dart                |  68 ++++++------
 lib/ui/explorer/explorer_controller.dart      |   2 +-
 lib/ui/explorer/rsync_flow.dart               |   2 +-
 lib/ui/explorer/transfer_flow.dart            |   6 +-
 lib/ui/explorer_page.dart                     |   2 +-
 lib/ui/monitor/copy_task_card.dart            |  10 +-
 lib/ui/monitor/live_sync_flow.dart            |  10 +-
 lib/ui/monitor_page.dart                      |   4 +-
 lib/ui/settings/transfer_sections.dart        |   6 +-
 lib/ui/webdav_settings.dart                   |   4 +-
 test/a11y_names_test.dart                     |   6 +-
 test/confirm_actions_test.dart                |   6 +-
 test/decisions_test.dart                      |   8 +-
 test/dismiss_test.dart                        |  36 +++----
 test/explorer_archive_trash_test.dart         |   4 +-
 test/explorer_conflict_test.dart              |   6 +-
 test/explorer_filter_rsync_test.dart          |   6 +-
 test/explorer_keys_drag_test.dart             |   4 +-
 test/explorer_modules_e5c_contract_test.dart  |   2 +-
 test/explorer_parallel_test.dart              |  12 +--
 test/explorer_select_ops_test.dart            |   6 +-
 test/explorer_steady_test.dart                |   4 +-
 test/explorer_webdav_test.dart                |   8 +-
 test/large_text_test.dart                     |   6 +-
 test/live_sync_args_test.dart                 |  10 +-
 test/live_sync_scene_test.dart                |  74 ++++++-------
 test/mirror_safety_test.dart                  |   8 +-
 test/monitor_modules_test.dart                |  14 +--
 test/monitor_test.dart                        |  40 +++----
 test/move_settled_test.dart                   |   4 +-
 test/rsync_msys_args_test.dart                |  22 ++--
 test/rsync_phsr_test.dart                     |  10 +-
 test/rsync_safety_test.dart                   |  12 +--
 test/security_bits_test.dart                  |   4 +-
 test/settings_text_focus_test.dart            |   6 +-
 test/small_items_test.dart                    |   2 +-
 test/sync_alert_test.dart                     |   2 +-
 test/sync_problem_test.dart                   |  18 ++--
 test/sync_tools_test.dart                     |  22 ++--
 test/webdav_test.dart                         |  16 +--
 55 files changed, 430 insertions(+), 393 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 lib/app/settings/copy_settings.dart

diff --git a/integration_test/copy_sync_shot_test.dart b/integration_test/copy_sync_shot_test.dart
index f34b43f..5c3d517 100644
--- a/integration_test/copy_sync_shot_test.dart
+++ b/integration_test/copy_sync_shot_test.dart
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ void main() {
     final out = Platform.environment['JJ_SHOT_DIR'] ?? Directory.systemTemp.path;
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     c.settings
-      ..copyMethodFolder = 'rsync'
-      ..copyBandwidthKBps = 5000
-      ..liveSyncPairs = [
+      ..copy.methodFolder = 'rsync'
+      ..copy.bandwidthKBps = 5000
+      ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [
         LiveSyncPair(r'D:\영상\원본', r'\\nas\backup\영상', method: 'rsync', delete: true),
         LiveSyncPair(r'C:\Users\me\Documents', r'E:\Documents', enabled: false),
       ];
diff --git a/integration_test/monitor_shot_test.dart b/integration_test/monitor_shot_test.dart
index 68e9b13..4c1689a 100644
--- a/integration_test/monitor_shot_test.dart
+++ b/integration_test/monitor_shot_test.dart
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ void main() {
     }
     Directory(dst).createSync();
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices.create());
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [
         LiveSyncPair(src, p.join(dst, 'mirror'), schedule: const ['0 9-17 * * 1-5', '0 22-23 * * 0,6'], delete: true),
       ];
     final live = LiveSync(c)..start();
diff --git a/integration_test/rsync_page_test.dart b/integration_test/rsync_page_test.dart
index aa283c9..deb8ae5 100644
--- a/integration_test/rsync_page_test.dart
+++ b/integration_test/rsync_page_test.dart
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ void main() {
 
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices.create());
     c.settings
-      ..rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
       ..explorer.style = 'windows';
     final key = GlobalKey();
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 900);
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ void main() {
     // 모니터링: 실행한 두 방향이 남는다
     await tap(find.text('모니터링'));
     await wait(1500);
-    expect(c.settings.copyTasks.length, 2);
-    expect(c.settings.copyTasks.every((t) => t.method == 'rsync' && t.contents && t.lastResult == 'done'), isTrue);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.tasks.length, 2);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.tasks.every((t) => t.method == 'rsync' && t.contents && t.lastResult == 'done'), isTrue);
     await shot('rsync_monitor');
     tester.view.reset();
     tmp.deleteSync(recursive: true);
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ void main() {
     await tester.runAsync(findBundledRsync);
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices.create());
     c.settings
-      ..rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
-      ..rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete --exclude=*.log --exclude=build/ --exclude=/sub/deep/';
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
+      ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete --exclude=*.log --exclude=build/ --exclude=/sub/deep/';
     final key = GlobalKey();
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 900);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ void main() {
     await tester.runAsync(findBundledRsync);
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices.create());
     c.settings
-      ..rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
-      ..liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(cDir, d, method: 'rsync', delete: true)];
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
+      ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(cDir, d, method: 'rsync', delete: true)];
     final key = GlobalKey();
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 900);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ void main() {
     expect(File(p.join(b, 'sub', 'deep', 'x.txt')).readAsStringSync(), 'x');
     expect(Directory(p.join(b, 'empty')).existsSync(), isTrue); // 빈 폴더도 대상에는 만들어짐 (rsync -a)
     expect(Directory(a).existsSync(), isFalse, reason: '원본 폴더까지 지움');
-    final moved = c.settings.copyTasks.single;
+    final moved = c.settings.copy.tasks.single;
     expect([moved.move, moved.prune, moved.lastResult], [true, 'all', 'done']);
     expect(moved.lastMessage, '빈 폴더 4개 지움'); // sub/deep · sub · empty · srcA
 
@@ -263,8 +263,8 @@ void main() {
     expect(File(p.join(d, 'sub', 'deep', 'y.txt')).readAsStringSync(), 'y');
     expect(Directory(cDir).existsSync(), isTrue, reason: '원본 폴더는 남김');
     expect(Directory(cDir).listSync(), isEmpty, reason: '빈 폴더는 모두 지움');
-    expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single.enabled, isFalse, reason: '원본이 비었으므로 실시간 동기화는 끔');
-    final fin = c.settings.copyTasks.firstWhere((t) => t.sources.single == cDir);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single.enabled, isFalse, reason: '원본이 비었으므로 실시간 동기화는 끔');
+    final fin = c.settings.copy.tasks.firstWhere((t) => t.sources.single == cDir);
     expect([fin.options, fin.move, fin.prune, fin.lastResult], ['-avHPOg', true, 'keep', 'done']);
     expect(fin.lastMessage, '빈 폴더 3개 지움'); // sub/deep · sub · empty (liveC 는 남김)
     tester.view.reset();
diff --git a/integration_test/windows_b3_shot_test.dart b/integration_test/windows_b3_shot_test.dart
index a178540..7584c47 100644
--- a/integration_test/windows_b3_shot_test.dart
+++ b/integration_test/windows_b3_shot_test.dart
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ void main() {
   testWidgets('52: 복사 중에 다른 화면에 갔다 와도 진행 막대', (t) async {
     // 다른 화면에 갔다 와도 아직 복사 중이게 (약 25초)
     File(p.join(left, 'big.bin')).writeAsBytesSync(List.filled(2 * 1024 * 1024, 7));
-    c.settings.copyBandwidthKBps = 80;
+    c.settings.copy.bandwidthKBps = 80;
     await show(t, ExplorerPage(device: device, c: c));
     await selectAndPress(t, 'big.bin', '복사');
     await t.tap(find.widgetWithText(FilledButton, '복사'));
diff --git a/integration_test/windows_bigtext_shot_test.dart b/integration_test/windows_bigtext_shot_test.dart
index 2cad2b7..bcd3318 100644
--- a/integration_test/windows_bigtext_shot_test.dart
+++ b/integration_test/windows_bigtext_shot_test.dart
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ void main() {
           final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
           c.settings
             ..explorer.paths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
-            ..rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
-            ..copyTasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, 'sub'), method: 'rsync', options: '-av')]
-            ..liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(tmp.path, p.join(tmp.path, 'x'))];
+            ..copy.rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
+            ..copy.tasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, 'sub'), method: 'rsync', options: '-av')]
+            ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(tmp.path, p.join(tmp.path, 'x'))];
           c.videos.add(VideoItem(video));
           // 256: 폰 가로에서 작업 기록을 켜도 목록이 여러 줄 보이는지 - 동영상 5개 · 기록 몇 줄
           for (var i = 2; i <= 5; i++) {
diff --git a/integration_test/windows_live_excl_shot_test.dart b/integration_test/windows_live_excl_shot_test.dart
index 36f93d9..a5a21bd 100644
--- a/integration_test/windows_live_excl_shot_test.dart
+++ b/integration_test/windows_live_excl_shot_test.dart
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ void main() {
         }
         final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
         c.settings
-          ..rsyncSource = 'custom'
-          ..rsyncPath = rsync
-          ..rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded';
+          ..copy.rsyncSource = 'custom'
+          ..copy.rsyncPath = rsync
+          ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded';
         // 이미 --exclude 만으로 확인한 쌍에 --delete-excluded 를 더함 → 다시 묻는 창 (주황 이유 줄 · 거른 것 묶음)
         final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: true, confirmedOptions: '-av --exclude=*.tmp');
-        c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+        c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
         final live = LiveSync(c);
         addTearDown(live.dispose);
         await t.runAsync(() => live.syncNow(pair));
diff --git a/integration_test/windows_lsync_p0_shot_test.dart b/integration_test/windows_lsync_p0_shot_test.dart
index 1ed8d93..a0fea9b 100644
--- a/integration_test/windows_lsync_p0_shot_test.dart
+++ b/integration_test/windows_lsync_p0_shot_test.dart
@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ void main() {
         File(p.join(tmp.path, 'rules.txt')).writeAsStringSync('H a.txt\n');
         final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
         c.settings
-          ..rsyncSource = 'custom'
-          ..rsyncPath = rsync
-          ..rsyncOptions = '-a --filter="merge ${toCygwinPath(p.join(tmp.path, 'rules.txt'))}"'
-          ..liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(src, dst, method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: true)];
+          ..copy.rsyncSource = 'custom'
+          ..copy.rsyncPath = rsync
+          ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-a --filter="merge ${toCygwinPath(p.join(tmp.path, 'rules.txt'))}"'
+          ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(src, dst, method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: true)];
         final live = LiveSync(c)..start();
         addTearDown(live.dispose);
-        final pair = c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single;
+        final pair = c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single;
         await t.runAsync(() => live.syncNow(pair));
         expect(live.noAutoDelete[LiveSync.keyOf(pair)], isNotEmpty);
         final shotKey = GlobalKey();
diff --git a/integration_test/windows_move_left_shot_test.dart b/integration_test/windows_move_left_shot_test.dart
index ba39dc6..fef9f3a 100644
--- a/integration_test/windows_move_left_shot_test.dart
+++ b/integration_test/windows_move_left_shot_test.dart
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ void main() {
         final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
         c.settings
           ..explorer.paths = [left, right]
-          ..copyConflict = 'overwrite';
+          ..copy.conflict = 'overwrite';
         final root = p.rootPrefix(tmp.path);
         device.volumes = () => [(root, root.replaceAll(RegExp(r'[\\/]+$'), ''))];
         final shotKey = GlobalKey();
diff --git a/integration_test/windows_rsync_narrow_shot_test.dart b/integration_test/windows_rsync_narrow_shot_test.dart
index eb737fb..317b72d 100644
--- a/integration_test/windows_rsync_narrow_shot_test.dart
+++ b/integration_test/windows_rsync_narrow_shot_test.dart
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void main() {
         final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
         c.settings
           ..explorer.orientation = 'side'
-          ..rsyncPaths = [l, r];
+          ..copy.rsyncPaths = [l, r];
         final shotKey = GlobalKey();
         await t.pumpWidget(MaterialApp(
           theme: buildTheme(),
diff --git a/lib/app/copy_center.dart b/lib/app/copy_center.dart
index 34a7307..9816674 100644
--- a/lib/app/copy_center.dart
+++ b/lib/app/copy_center.dart
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class CopyCenter extends ChangeNotifier {
   /// 작업 id → 지금 (또는 마지막) 실행
   final jobs = <String, TransferJob>{};
 
-  List<CopyTask> get tasks => c.settings.copyTasks;
+  List<CopyTask> get tasks => c.settings.copy.tasks;
 
   bool isRunning(String id) => jobs[id] != null && !jobs[id]!.finished;
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class CopyCenter extends ChangeNotifier {
   CopyTask fresh(List<String> sources, String dest, {bool move = false, bool contents = false, String? method}) {
     final s = c.settings;
     final hasDir = sources.any((s) => isDav(s) || FileSystemEntity.isDirectorySync(s));
-    var m = CopyMethod.of(method ?? (hasDir ? s.copyMethodFolder : s.copyMethodFile));
+    var m = CopyMethod.of(method ?? (hasDir ? s.copy.methodFolder : s.copy.methodFile));
     if (!copyMethodAvailable(m, s)) m = CopyMethod.builtin;
     // WebDAV 가 끼면 실제로는 앱이 직접 복사한다 (확인 창에 robocopy 로 잘못 보이지 않게). Rsync 화면 ([method] 지정) 은 그대로
     if (method == null && [...sources, dest].any(isDav)) m = CopyMethod.builtin;
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ class CopyCenter extends ChangeNotifier {
       move: move,
       contents: contents,
       method: m.name,
-      options: m == CopyMethod.robocopy ? s.robocopyOptions : s.rsyncOptions,
-      once: s.copyRunMode == 'once',
-      bandwidthKBps: s.copyBandwidthKBps,
+      options: m == CopyMethod.robocopy ? s.copy.robocopyOptions : s.copy.rsyncOptions,
+      once: s.copy.runMode == 'once',
+      bandwidthKBps: s.copy.bandwidthKBps,
     );
   }
 
@@ -79,20 +79,20 @@ class CopyCenter extends ChangeNotifier {
     final t = fresh(sources, dest, move: move, contents: contents, method: method);
     final old = tasks.where((x) => x.key == t.key).firstOrNull;
     if (old != null) return old;
-    await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copyTasks = [t, ...x.copyTasks]);
+    await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.tasks = [t, ...x.copy.tasks]);
     notifyListeners();
     return t;
   }
 
   Future<void> update(CopyTask t) async {
-    await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copyTasks = [for (final y in x.copyTasks) y.id == t.id ? t : y]);
+    await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.tasks = [for (final y in x.copy.tasks) y.id == t.id ? t : y]);
     notifyListeners();
   }
 
   Future<void> remove(String id) async {
     cancel(id);
     jobs.remove(id);
-    await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copyTasks = [for (final y in x.copyTasks) if (y.id != id) y]);
+    await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.tasks = [for (final y in x.copy.tasks) if (y.id != id) y]);
     notifyListeners();
   }
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class CopyCenter extends ChangeNotifier {
       contents: t.contents,
       prune: t.move ? t.prune : '',
       conflict: conflict,
-      skipNewer: c.settings.copySkipNewer,
+      skipNewer: c.settings.copy.skipNewer,
     );
     jobs[t.id] = job;
     job.addListener(notifyListeners);
@@ -170,13 +170,13 @@ class CopyCenter extends ChangeNotifier {
     ];
     final rest = t.sources.where((s) => !dirs.contains(s)).toList();
     await c.updateSettings((x) => x
-      ..liveSyncPairs = [
-        ...x.liveSyncPairs,
+      ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [
+        ...x.copy.liveSyncPairs,
         for (final n in pairs)
-          if (!x.liveSyncPairs.any((o) => o.source == n.source && o.target == n.target)) n,
+          if (!x.copy.liveSyncPairs.any((o) => o.source == n.source && o.target == n.target)) n,
       ]
-      ..copyTasks = [
-        for (final y in x.copyTasks)
+      ..copy.tasks = [
+        for (final y in x.copy.tasks)
           if (y.id != t.id)
             y
           else if (rest.isNotEmpty)
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ class CopyCenter extends ChangeNotifier {
     final m = copyMethodAvailable(CopyMethod.rsync, s) ? 'rsync' : x.method;
     final t = fresh([x.source], x.target, contents: true, method: m);
     await c.updateSettings((y) => y
-      ..liveSyncPairs = [for (final o in y.liveSyncPairs) if (!(o.source == x.source && o.target == x.target)) o]
-      ..copyTasks = [t, ...y.copyTasks]);
+      ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [for (final o in y.copy.liveSyncPairs) if (!(o.source == x.source && o.target == x.target)) o]
+      ..copy.tasks = [t, ...y.copy.tasks]);
     notifyListeners();
     return t;
   }
diff --git a/lib/app/live_sync.dart b/lib/app/live_sync.dart
index c34dec4..e90ea95 100644
--- a/lib/app/live_sync.dart
+++ b/lib/app/live_sync.dart
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ Future<void> findBundledRsync() async {
 /// - 직접 지정: 그 파일
 /// - 기본: 앱에 들어 있는 것, 없으면 (Windows) 내려받아 둔 것
 Future<String?> rsyncExecutable(AppSettings s) async {
-  if (s.rsyncSource == 'custom') {
-    return s.rsyncPath.isNotEmpty && File(s.rsyncPath).existsSync() ? s.rsyncPath : null;
+  if (s.copy.rsyncSource == 'custom') {
+    return s.copy.rsyncPath.isNotEmpty && File(s.copy.rsyncPath).existsSync() ? s.copy.rsyncPath : null;
   }
   final b = bundledRsync;
   if (b != null && File(b).existsSync()) return b;
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ Future<String?> rsyncExecutable(AppSettings s) async {
 bool copyMethodAvailable(CopyMethod m, AppSettings s) => switch (m) {
       CopyMethod.builtin => true,
       CopyMethod.robocopy => Platform.isWindows,
-      CopyMethod.rsync => Platform.isWindows || s.rsyncSource == 'custom' || bundledRsync != null,
+      CopyMethod.rsync => Platform.isWindows || s.copy.rsyncSource == 'custom' || bundledRsync != null,
     };
 
 /// 실시간 동기화 (lsyncd 처럼): 설정의 폴더 쌍마다 원본을 지켜보다가 바뀌면 대상에 맞춘다.
-/// Windows 는 폴더 감시로 바로 (모아서 3초 뒤), 그 밖은 [AppSettings.liveSyncIntervalSec] 마다 살핀다.
+/// Windows 는 폴더 감시로 바로 (모아서 3초 뒤), 그 밖은 [CopySettings.liveSyncIntervalSec] 마다 살핀다.
 /// 앱이 켜져 있는 동안만 동작하고, 시작할 때 한 번 맞춘다.
 class LiveSync extends ChangeNotifier {
   final AppController c;
@@ -82,13 +82,13 @@ class LiveSync extends ChangeNotifier {
   /// 1분마다: 동작 시간 (cron) 이 시작되면 밀린 것을 맞춘다
   Timer? _clock;
 
-  /// 이번 실행 동안 멈춘 쌍 (설정의 켜기 · 끄기와 따로, 앱을 다시 켜면 [AppSettings.liveSyncOnStart] 를 따른다)
+  /// 이번 실행 동안 멈춘 쌍 (설정의 켜기 · 끄기와 따로, 앱을 다시 켜면 [CopySettings.liveSyncOnStart] 를 따른다)
   final paused = <String>{};
 
   /// [hold] 면 켜진 쌍을 모두 멈춘 채로 시작 (모니터링 · [resume] 으로 시작)
   void start({bool hold = false}) {
     instance = this;
-    if (hold) paused.addAll(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.where((x) => x.enabled).map(keyOf));
+    if (hold) paused.addAll(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.where((x) => x.enabled).map(keyOf));
     c.addListener(_apply);
     _apply();
     _clock ??= Timer.periodic(const Duration(minutes: 1), (_) => _onClock());
@@ -120,19 +120,19 @@ class LiveSync extends ChangeNotifier {
 
   /// 지금 지켜보는 쌍 (켜져 있고 멈추지 않은 것)
   List<LiveSyncPair> get watching => [
-        for (final x in c.settings.liveSyncPairs)
+        for (final x in c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs)
           if (x.enabled && !paused.contains(keyOf(x))) x,
       ];
 
   void pause(LiveSyncPair x) => _setPaused({...paused, keyOf(x)});
   void resume(LiveSyncPair x) => _setPaused({...paused}..remove(keyOf(x)));
-  void pauseAll() => _setPaused({...paused, ...c.settings.liveSyncPairs.map(keyOf)});
+  void pauseAll() => _setPaused({...paused, ...c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.map(keyOf)});
   void resumeAll() => _setPaused({});
 
   /// 시작할 때 고른 쌍만 (나머지는 멈춤)
   void runOnly(Iterable<LiveSyncPair> xs) {
     final keep = xs.map(keyOf).toSet();
-    _setPaused({for (final x in c.settings.liveSyncPairs) if (!keep.contains(keyOf(x))) keyOf(x)});
+    _setPaused({for (final x in c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs) if (!keep.contains(keyOf(x))) keyOf(x)});
   }
 
   void _setPaused(Set<String> v) {
@@ -153,10 +153,10 @@ class LiveSync extends ChangeNotifier {
   /// 원본과 대상의 다른 점 (크기 · 바뀐 시각). [x.delete] 면 원본에 없는 대상 항목도 "− 이름" 으로.
   /// 관리자 지시 (10/19): rsync 쌍이 원격이라 앱이 맞출 때 (그리고 그 대기 목록) 도 환경 설정 rsync 옵션의 거르기를 따른다.
   /// 로컬 rsync 쌍은 rsync 가 직접 따르므로 대기 목록 (diff) 에도 같이
-  RsyncFilter _filterOf(LiveSyncPair x) => x.method == 'rsync' ? RsyncFilter.parse(c.settings.rsyncOptions) : RsyncFilter.none;
+  RsyncFilter _filterOf(LiveSyncPair x) => x.method == 'rsync' ? RsyncFilter.parse(c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions) : RsyncFilter.none;
 
   /// 지울 것에 영향을 주는 옵션 (rsync 쌍만 - 거르기 · --delete-excluded). 확인할 때 쌍에 기억한다 ([LiveSyncPair.confirmedOptions])
-  String _optionsOf(LiveSyncPair x) => x.method == 'rsync' ? c.settings.rsyncOptions : '';
+  String _optionsOf(LiveSyncPair x) => x.method == 'rsync' ? c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions : '';
 
   /// 관리자 3a 판단 (10/20): 확인한 쌍이라도 옵션이 바뀌어 지울 것이 늘었으면 다시 묻는다 (로컬 · 원격 쌍 모두).
   /// 늘지 않았으면 (줄거나 같음) 묻지 않고 지금 옵션을 기억한다. 예전에 확인한 쌍 (기억한 옵션 없음) 은 예전 동작
@@ -419,8 +419,8 @@ class LiveSync extends ChangeNotifier {
   }
 
   /// 설정의 쌍을 바꾼다 (같은 원본 → 대상)
-  Future<void> _setPair(LiveSyncPair old, LiveSyncPair now) => c.updateSettings((s) => s.liveSyncPairs = [
-        for (final p in s.liveSyncPairs) keyOf(p) == keyOf(old) ? now : p,
+  Future<void> _setPair(LiveSyncPair old, LiveSyncPair now) => c.updateSettings((s) => s.copy.liveSyncPairs = [
+        for (final p in s.copy.liveSyncPairs) keyOf(p) == keyOf(old) ? now : p,
       ]);
 
   /// 지울 목록을 보고 결정: [delete] true = 지우기 포함으로 맞추기 (확인함), false = 지우기 끄기. 그 뒤 바로 맞춘다
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ class LiveSync extends ChangeNotifier {
   void _apply() {
     final s = c.settings;
     final pairs = watching;
-    final sig = jsonEncode([for (final x in pairs) x.toJson(), s.liveSyncIntervalSec]);
+    final sig = jsonEncode([for (final x in pairs) x.toJson(), s.copy.liveSyncIntervalSec]);
     if (sig == _sig) return;
     _sig = sig;
     _stopAll();
@@ -475,11 +475,11 @@ class LiveSync extends ChangeNotifier {
             _schedule(x);
           });
         } catch (_) {
-          _timers[k] = Timer.periodic(Duration(seconds: s.liveSyncIntervalSec), (_) => _schedule(x));
+          _timers[k] = Timer.periodic(Duration(seconds: s.copy.liveSyncIntervalSec), (_) => _schedule(x));
         }
       } else {
         // Android 등 · 원본이 WebDAV: 폴더 안쪽까지 감시가 안 되므로 정해진 간격으로 살핀다
-        _timers[k] = Timer.periodic(Duration(seconds: s.liveSyncIntervalSec), (_) => _schedule(x));
+        _timers[k] = Timer.periodic(Duration(seconds: s.copy.liveSyncIntervalSec), (_) => _schedule(x));
       }
       _schedule(x); // 시작할 때 한 번
     }
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ class LiveSync extends ChangeNotifier {
       // 한쪽이라도 WebDAV 면 rsync · robocopy 대신 앱이 맞춘다 (크기 · 시각 비교)
       final method = isDav(x.source) || isDav(x.target) ? CopyMethod.builtin : CopyMethod.of(x.method);
       // M1 (10/19): 원격 쌍에서 받는 쪽의 같은 이름 폴더는 지우기 포함 (--delete) 이 아니면 지우지 않고 건너뛴다 - 카드에 알린다
-      final ops = FileOps(bandwidthKBps: s.copyBandwidthKBps);
+      final ops = FileOps(bandwidthKBps: s.copy.bandwidthKBps);
       final n = switch (method) {
         CopyMethod.builtin => await ops.mirror(x.source, x.target, delete: x.delete, allowEmptySource: allowEmpty, filter: _filterOf(x)),
         CopyMethod.rsync => await _rsync(x, s),
@@ -650,15 +650,15 @@ class LiveSync extends ChangeNotifier {
         // 107: 원본을 지우는 옵션 (--remove-source-files) 도 실시간 동기화에서는 쓰지 않는다
         // 관리자 판단 (10/20, 28 확인): 목록 · 기록 · 배치 파일의 C:\… 는 rsync 가 읽는 꼴로 (rsyncFileOptionArgs)
         ...rsyncFileOptionArgs([
-          for (final o in splitOptions(s.rsyncOptions))
+          for (final o in splitOptions(s.copy.rsyncOptions))
             if (o != '-P' && o != '--progress' && !isRsyncDeleteOption(o) && !isSourceRemovingOption(o)) o,
         ], windows: windows),
         if (!windows) '-8', // 한글 등 이름을 \#355… 로 바꾸지 않고 그대로 (Android 빌드는 iconv 없음)
-        if (s.copyBandwidthKBps > 0) '--bwlimit=${s.copyBandwidthKBps}',
+        if (s.copy.bandwidthKBps > 0) '--bwlimit=${s.copy.bandwidthKBps}',
         if (x.delete) '--delete',
         // 10/20 (15, 28 의 장면으로 찾음): --delete-excluded 는 쌍이 지우기 포함일 때만 남긴다 - 예전에는 늘 빼서, 지울지 묻는 창
         // (diff 는 옵션의 거르기를 따름) 에 보인 거른 것을 실제로는 지우지 않고 맞출 것에 계속 남았다 (원격 쌍 · Rsync 화면은 따름)
-        if (x.delete && splitOptions(s.rsyncOptions).contains('--delete-excluded')) '--delete-excluded',
+        if (x.delete && splitOptions(s.copy.rsyncOptions).contains('--delete-excluded')) '--delete-excluded',
         ...appTempRsyncExcludes, // 78 보충: 이름 바꾸는 중의 임시 이름은 보내지도 지우지도 않는다
         '${toCygwinPath(x.source, windows: windows)}/',
         '${rsyncDestPath(x.target, windows: windows)}/', // 받는 쪽 UNC 는 \\서버\… (28 · 15 확인 10/20)
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ class LiveSync extends ChangeNotifier {
   /// robocopy 인수 (실시간 동기화). 지우기 (/MIR · /PURGE) 는 쌍의 "지우기 포함" 으로만 (/MIR 는 /E 로) - 97
   static List<String> robocopyArgsFor(LiveSyncPair x, AppSettings s) {
     final opts = [
-      for (final o in splitOptions(s.robocopyOptions))
+      for (final o in splitOptions(s.copy.robocopyOptions))
         if (o.toUpperCase() == '/MIR') '/E' else if (o.toUpperCase() != '/PURGE' && !isSourceRemovingOption(o)) o,
     ];
     return [
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ class LiveSync extends ChangeNotifier {
       if (!robocopyLinkOption(opts)) '/XJ',
       if (x.delete) '/PURGE',
       ...appTempRobocopyExcludes, // 78 보충
-      if (s.copyBandwidthKBps > 0) '/IPG:${robocopyIpg(s.copyBandwidthKBps)}',
+      if (s.copy.bandwidthKBps > 0) '/IPG:${robocopyIpg(s.copy.bandwidthKBps)}',
       '/BYTES', '/NJH', '/NJS', '/NDL', '/NP',
     ];
   }
diff --git a/lib/app/settings.dart b/lib/app/settings.dart
index 678f2c7..9ea232a 100644
--- a/lib/app/settings.dart
+++ b/lib/app/settings.dart
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import '../services/app_shell.dart' show appIconOf;
 import '../core/remote_idle.dart';
 import 'settings/records.dart';
 import 'settings/settings_group.dart';
+import 'settings/copy_settings.dart';
 import 'settings/tor_settings.dart';
 import 'settings/network_settings.dart';
 import 'settings/explorer_settings.dart';
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import 'settings/explorer_settings.dart';
 export 'settings/records.dart';
 export 'settings/settings_group.dart';
 export 'settings/settings_store.dart';
+export 'settings/copy_settings.dart';
 export 'settings/tor_settings.dart';
 export 'settings/network_settings.dart';
 export 'settings/explorer_settings.dart';
@@ -226,42 +228,18 @@ class AppSettings {
 
 
   // ── 복사 · 이동 (파일 탐색기) · rsync · lsync (Rsync 화면) ──
-  /// 파일 탐색기의 복사 · 이동 방법: 'builtin' 현재 방식 (기본) · 'robocopy' (Windows). 파일만 고를 때 / 폴더가 들어 있을 때.
-  /// rsync 는 Rsync 화면에서 따로 (파일 탐색기에서는 쓰지 않음)
-  String copyMethodFile = 'builtin';
 
-  /// 48: 복사 · 이동할 때 받는 폴더에 같은 이름이 있으면 'ask' (확인 창에서 고름, 처음 값) · 'rename' · 'overwrite' · 'skip'
-  String copyConflict = 'ask';
 
   /// P0: MKV 를 만들 때 결과 MKV 가 이미 있으면 - 'ask' 묻기 (처음 값) · 'overwrite' 덮어쓰기 · 'skip' 건너뛰기 · 'rename' 다른 이름.
   /// 덮어쓰기여도 다 만든 뒤에만 바꿔 넣는다 (도중에 취소 · 실패하면 예전 것 그대로)
   String mkvExisting = 'ask';
 
-  /// 229: 앱이 직접 하는 복사 · 이동 (현재 방식 · WebDAV 의 안의 것 맞추기) 에서 받는 쪽이 더 새것이면 건너뛴다 (rsync -u 와 같음).
-  /// 처음 값 켜짐 - 예전 원본으로 새 파일을 덮어쓰고 (이동이면 원본까지 지워) 새 내용을 잃었다 (관리자 판단)
-  bool copySkipNewer = true;
-  String copyMethodFolder = 'builtin';
-  String rsyncOptions = '-avPog';
-  String robocopyOptions = '/E /COPY:DAT /DCOPY:T /R:2 /W:2';
 
-  /// 여러 개를 고르면: 'each' 항목마다 따로 실행 (기본) · 'once' 한 번에 (rsync)
-  String copyRunMode = 'each';
 
-  /// 속도 제한 KB/s (0 = 제한 없음). 모든 방법에 (rsync --bwlimit, 현재 방식은 앱이 조절, robocopy 는 /IPG 로 비슷하게)
-  int copyBandwidthKBps = 0;
 
-  /// rsync 가져오기: 'download' 앱에 들어 있는 것 (기본, Windows 는 없으면 내려받기) · 'custom' 직접 지정한 실행 파일 ([rsyncPath])
-  String rsyncSource = 'download';
-  String rsyncPath = '';
 
-  /// 실시간 동기화 (lsyncd 처럼)
-  List<LiveSyncPair> liveSyncPairs = [];
 
-  /// 모니터링 (Rsync 화면 가운데 [모니터링]): 실행한 rsync 를 기억해 다시 실행 · 옵션 고치기 · lsync 로 옮기기
-  List<CopyTask> copyTasks = [];
 
-  /// Rsync 화면에서 마지막으로 연 폴더 (왼쪽 · 오른쪽)
-  List<String> rsyncPaths = [];
 
   /// 설치한 (켠) 컴포넌트 id (app/components.dart). 처음엔 기본으로 들어 있는 것 모두
   List<String> components = AppComponent.defaultInstalled;
@@ -303,8 +281,6 @@ class AppSettings {
   /// 99 (Windows): 시작 메뉴에 등록 - 알림이 JJ_MKVMaker 로 보이고 눌러서 열린다
   bool startMenuShortcut = true;
 
-  /// 92 (Windows): 실시간 동기화가 멈췄을 때 Windows 알림
-  bool syncStopToast = true;
 
   // ── 102: 사용자에게 물어 정한 것 · 관리자 1차 판단 (기본값 = 그 답) ──
 
@@ -432,15 +408,11 @@ class AppSettings {
   /// 저장한 뒤 'upscaled' 올린 것으로 계속 보기 · 'original' 원본으로
   String aiUpAfter = 'upscaled';
 
-  /// 실시간 동기화 확인 간격 (초). Windows 는 바뀌면 바로, 그 밖은 이 간격으로 살핀다.
-  int liveSyncIntervalSec = 30;
 
   /// 백그라운드로 실행 (Android): 켜면 ← 로 닫거나 최근 앱에서 밀어도 동기화 · MKV 만들기 · 다운로드를 계속한다 (알림에 표시).
   /// 끄면 지금처럼 닫을 때 끝난다. Windows 는 [closeAction] 'background' 가 같은 뜻 ([backgroundRun]).
   bool runInBackground = true;
 
-  /// 앱을 다시 켤 때 실시간 동기화: 'auto' 바로 시작 / 'ask' 골라서 시작 / 'off' 시작 안 함 (모니터링에서 시작)
-  String liveSyncOnStart = 'auto';
 
   /// 백그라운드로 실행 (설정 화면의 체크 하나). Windows: 창 ✕ 를 누르면 트레이로 (끄면 종료), Android: [runInBackground]
   bool get backgroundRun => Platform.isWindows ? closeAction == 'background' : runInBackground;
@@ -499,8 +471,11 @@ class AppSettings {
   /// Tor 釉뚮씪?곗? (?ъ슜???붿껌 10/10)
   final tor = TorBrowserSettings();
 
+  /// 복사 · 이동 (파일 탐색기) · rsync · 실시간 동기화 (Rsync 화면)
+  final copy = CopySettings();
+
   /// 설정 분야들 (설정 A) - 저마다 자기 키를 읽고 쓴다. toJson · fromJson 은 이 목록을 돌며 합치기만 한다
-  List<SettingsGroup> get groups => [explorer, network, tor];
+  List<SettingsGroup> get groups => [explorer, network, tor, copy];
 
   /// [plainSecrets]: 안전 저장소를 쓸 수 없을 때만 (예전 파일에 있던 비밀 값을 잃지 않게) 예전처럼 파일에 둔다
   Map<String, Object?> toJson({bool plainSecrets = false}) {
@@ -571,12 +546,7 @@ class AppSettings {
         'rootEnabled': rootEnabled,
         'vaultMasterCopy': vaultMasterCopy,
         'vaultAutoLockSeconds': vaultAutoLockSeconds,
-        'copyMethodFile': copyMethodFile,
-        'copyConflict': copyConflict,
         'mkvExisting': mkvExisting,
-        'copySkipNewer': copySkipNewer,
-        'copyMethodFolder': copyMethodFolder,
-        'rsyncPaths': rsyncPaths,
         'components': components,
         'aiImageV1': true,
         'robocopyLinksV1': true,
@@ -592,7 +562,6 @@ class AppSettings {
         'readerVolumeKeys': readerVolumeKeys,
         'readerSplit': readerSplit,
         'startMenuShortcut': startMenuShortcut,
-        'syncStopToast': syncStopToast,
         'swipeWrap': swipeWrap,
         'browserSwipeHinted': browserSwipeHinted,
         'cleanupPrechecked': cleanupPrechecked,
@@ -647,18 +616,8 @@ class AppSettings {
         'smbRequireSecure': smbRequireSecure,
         'remoteIdleSeconds': remoteIdleSeconds,
         'ftpServers': [for (final x in ftpServers) x.toJson()],
-        'rsyncOptions': rsyncOptions,
-        'robocopyOptions': robocopyOptions,
-        'copyRunMode': copyRunMode,
-        'copyBandwidthKBps': copyBandwidthKBps,
-        'rsyncSource': rsyncSource,
-        'rsyncPath': rsyncPath,
-        'liveSyncPairs': [for (final x in liveSyncPairs) x.toJson()],
-        'liveSyncIntervalSec': liveSyncIntervalSec,
         'runInBackground': runInBackground,
         'backgroundV2': true,
-        'liveSyncOnStart': liveSyncOnStart,
-        'copyTasks': [for (final x in copyTasks) x.toJson()],
         'autoCheckUpdates': autoCheckUpdates,
         'lastUpdateCheck': lastUpdateCheck,
         'lastUpdateCheckVersion': lastUpdateCheckVersion,
@@ -689,8 +648,6 @@ class AppSettings {
     return j;
   }
 
-  /// 파일 탐색기의 복사 방법 (rsync 는 Rsync 화면으로 옮겨 예전 값 rsync 도 현재 방식으로)
-  static String _method(Object? v) => v == 'robocopy' ? 'robocopy' : 'builtin';
 
   /// 색 보정 값 (-100 ~ 100)
   static int _adj(Object? v) => ((v as num?)?.round() ?? 0).clamp(-100, 100);
@@ -762,12 +719,7 @@ class AppSettings {
       ..wifiShareMinutes = const [0, 10, 30, 60, 120].contains(j['wifiShareMinutes']) ? j['wifiShareMinutes'] as int : 30
       ..wifiShareTailscale = j['wifiShareTailscale'] is bool ? j['wifiShareTailscale'] as bool : true
       ..wifiShareFolder = j['wifiShareFolder'] is String ? j['wifiShareFolder'] as String : ''
-      ..copyMethodFile = _method(j['copyMethodFile'])
-      ..copyConflict = const ['rename', 'overwrite', 'skip'].contains(j['copyConflict']) ? j['copyConflict'] as String : 'ask'
       ..mkvExisting = const ['rename', 'overwrite', 'skip'].contains(j['mkvExisting']) ? j['mkvExisting'] as String : 'ask'
-      ..copySkipNewer = j['copySkipNewer'] != false
-      ..copyMethodFolder = _method(j['copyMethodFolder'])
-      ..rsyncPaths = [for (final x in (j['rsyncPaths'] as List?) ?? const []) '$x']
       ..components = j['components'] is List
           ? [
               // 225: 이 판이 모르는 구성 요소 (새 판의 Tor 등) 도 지우지 않고 그대로 둔다 - 예전 판을 거쳐 다시 올려도 켠 것이 남게 (40 과 같은 원칙).
@@ -794,7 +746,6 @@ class AppSettings {
       ..readerVolumeKeys = j['readerVolumeKeys'] as bool? ?? false
       ..readerSplit = const ['auto', 'on', 'off'].contains(j['readerSplit']) ? j['readerSplit'] as String : 'auto'
       ..startMenuShortcut = j['startMenuShortcut'] != false
-      ..syncStopToast = j['syncStopToast'] != false
       ..swipeWrap = j['swipeWrap'] != false
       ..browserSwipeHinted = j['browserSwipeHinted'] == true
       ..cleanupPrechecked = j['cleanupPrechecked'] is List
@@ -863,24 +814,8 @@ class AppSettings {
         for (final x in (j['ftpServers'] as List?) ?? const [])
           if (x is Map) FtpServer.fromJson(x),
       ]
-      ..rsyncOptions = j['rsyncOptions'] as String? ?? '-avPog'
-      ..robocopyOptions = j['robocopyOptions'] as String? ?? '/E /COPY:DAT /DCOPY:T /R:2 /W:2'
-      ..copyRunMode = j['copyRunMode'] == 'once' ? 'once' : 'each'
-      ..copyBandwidthKBps = ((j['copyBandwidthKBps'] as num?)?.toInt() ?? 0).clamp(0, 10000000)
-      ..rsyncSource = j['rsyncSource'] == 'custom' ? 'custom' : 'download'
-      ..rsyncPath = j['rsyncPath'] as String? ?? ''
-      ..liveSyncPairs = [
-        for (final x in (j['liveSyncPairs'] as List?) ?? const [])
-          if (x is Map && x['source'] is String && x['target'] is String) LiveSyncPair.fromJson(x),
-      ]
-      ..liveSyncIntervalSec = ((j['liveSyncIntervalSec'] as num?)?.toInt() ?? 30).clamp(5, 3600)
       // 사용자 결정 (10/8): 기본 켜짐. 예전 기본 (꺼짐) 은 한 번 켜짐으로
       ..runInBackground = j['backgroundV2'] == true ? j['runInBackground'] != false : true
-      ..liveSyncOnStart = const ['auto', 'ask', 'off'].contains(j['liveSyncOnStart']) ? j['liveSyncOnStart'] as String : 'auto'
-      ..copyTasks = [
-        for (final x in (j['copyTasks'] as List?) ?? const [])
-          if (x is Map && x['dest'] is String) CopyTask.fromJson(x),
-      ]
       ..autoCheckUpdates = j['autoCheckUpdates'] as bool? ?? true
       ..lastUpdateCheck = j['lastUpdateCheck'] as String? ?? ''
       ..lastUpdateCheckVersion = j['lastUpdateCheckVersion'] as String? ?? ''
diff --git a/lib/app/settings/copy_settings.dart b/lib/app/settings/copy_settings.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c359328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/app/settings/copy_settings.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+
+import 'records.dart';
+import 'settings_group.dart';
+
+/// 약속 (설정 A): 환경 설정 > 복사 · 이동 (파일 탐색기) · rsync · 실시간 동기화 (Rsync 화면) - 자기 키 (이름 · 처음 값 · 읽기 · 쓰기) 를 스스로 갖는다.
+/// 설정 하나를 더할 때는 이 파일만 고친다. 저장 파일의 키 이름은 예전 그대로 (평평한 키)
+class CopySettings implements SettingsGroup {
+  /// 파일 탐색기의 복사 · 이동 방법: 'builtin' 현재 방식 (기본) · 'robocopy' (Windows). 파일만 고를 때 / 폴더가 들어 있을 때.
+  /// rsync 는 Rsync 화면에서 따로 (파일 탐색기에서는 쓰지 않음)
+  String methodFile = 'builtin';
+
+  /// 48: 복사 · 이동할 때 받는 폴더에 같은 이름이 있으면 'ask' (확인 창에서 고름, 처음 값) · 'rename' · 'overwrite' · 'skip'
+  String conflict = 'ask';
+
+  /// 229: 앱이 직접 하는 복사 · 이동 (현재 방식 · WebDAV 의 안의 것 맞추기) 에서 받는 쪽이 더 새것이면 건너뛴다 (rsync -u 와 같음).
+  /// 처음 값 켜짐 - 예전 원본으로 새 파일을 덮어쓰고 (이동이면 원본까지 지워) 새 내용을 잃었다 (관리자 판단)
+  bool skipNewer = true;
+
+  String methodFolder = 'builtin';
+
+  String rsyncOptions = '-avPog';
+
+  String robocopyOptions = '/E /COPY:DAT /DCOPY:T /R:2 /W:2';
+
+  /// 여러 개를 고르면: 'each' 항목마다 따로 실행 (기본) · 'once' 한 번에 (rsync)
+  String runMode = 'each';
+
+  /// 속도 제한 KB/s (0 = 제한 없음). 모든 방법에 (rsync --bwlimit, 현재 방식은 앱이 조절, robocopy 는 /IPG 로 비슷하게)
+  int bandwidthKBps = 0;
+
+  /// rsync 가져오기: 'download' 앱에 들어 있는 것 (기본, Windows 는 없으면 내려받기) · 'custom' 직접 지정한 실행 파일 ([rsyncPath])
+  String rsyncSource = 'download';
+
+  String rsyncPath = '';
+
+  /// 실시간 동기화 (lsyncd 처럼)
+  List<LiveSyncPair> liveSyncPairs = [];
+
+  /// 모니터링 (Rsync 화면 가운데 [모니터링]): 실행한 rsync 를 기억해 다시 실행 · 옵션 고치기 · lsync 로 옮기기
+  List<CopyTask> tasks = [];
+
+  /// Rsync 화면에서 마지막으로 연 폴더 (왼쪽 · 오른쪽)
+  List<String> rsyncPaths = [];
+
+  /// 92 (Windows): 실시간 동기화가 멈췄을 때 Windows 알림
+  bool syncStopToast = true;
+
+  /// 실시간 동기화 확인 간격 (초). Windows 는 바뀌면 바로, 그 밖은 이 간격으로 살핀다.
+  int liveSyncIntervalSec = 30;
+
+  /// 앱을 다시 켤 때 실시간 동기화: 'auto' 바로 시작 / 'ask' 골라서 시작 / 'off' 시작 안 함 (모니터링에서 시작)
+  String liveSyncOnStart = 'auto';
+
+  /// 파일 탐색기의 복사 방법 (rsync 는 Rsync 화면으로 옮겨 예전 값 rsync 도 현재 방식으로)
+  static String _method(Object? v) => v == 'robocopy' ? 'robocopy' : 'builtin';
+
+  @override
+  void write(Map<String, Object?> j, {required bool plainSecrets}) {
+    j['copyMethodFile'] = methodFile;
+    j['copyConflict'] = conflict;
+    j['copySkipNewer'] = skipNewer;
+    j['copyMethodFolder'] = methodFolder;
+    j['rsyncOptions'] = rsyncOptions;
+    j['robocopyOptions'] = robocopyOptions;
+    j['copyRunMode'] = runMode;
+    j['copyBandwidthKBps'] = bandwidthKBps;
+    j['rsyncSource'] = rsyncSource;
+    j['rsyncPath'] = rsyncPath;
+    j['liveSyncPairs'] = [for (final x in liveSyncPairs) x.toJson()];
+    j['liveSyncIntervalSec'] = liveSyncIntervalSec;
+    j['liveSyncOnStart'] = liveSyncOnStart;
+    j['copyTasks'] = [for (final x in tasks) x.toJson()];
+    j['rsyncPaths'] = rsyncPaths;
+    j['syncStopToast'] = syncStopToast;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void read(Map<String, dynamic> j) {
+    methodFile = _method(j['copyMethodFile']);
+    conflict = const ['rename', 'overwrite', 'skip'].contains(j['copyConflict']) ? j['copyConflict'] as String : 'ask';
+    skipNewer = j['copySkipNewer'] != false;
+    methodFolder = _method(j['copyMethodFolder']);
+    rsyncPaths = [for (final x in (j['rsyncPaths'] as List?) ?? const []) '$x'];
+    syncStopToast = j['syncStopToast'] != false;
+    rsyncOptions = j['rsyncOptions'] as String? ?? '-avPog';
+    robocopyOptions = j['robocopyOptions'] as String? ?? '/E /COPY:DAT /DCOPY:T /R:2 /W:2';
+    runMode = j['copyRunMode'] == 'once' ? 'once' : 'each';
+    bandwidthKBps = ((j['copyBandwidthKBps'] as num?)?.toInt() ?? 0).clamp(0, 10000000);
+    rsyncSource = j['rsyncSource'] == 'custom' ? 'custom' : 'download';
+    rsyncPath = j['rsyncPath'] as String? ?? '';
+    liveSyncPairs = [
+      for (final x in (j['liveSyncPairs'] as List?) ?? const [])
+        if (x is Map && x['source'] is String && x['target'] is String) LiveSyncPair.fromJson(x),
+    ];
+    liveSyncIntervalSec = ((j['liveSyncIntervalSec'] as num?)?.toInt() ?? 30).clamp(5, 3600);
+    liveSyncOnStart = const ['auto', 'ask', 'off'].contains(j['liveSyncOnStart']) ? j['liveSyncOnStart'] as String : 'auto';
+    tasks = [
+      for (final x in (j['copyTasks'] as List?) ?? const [])
+        if (x is Map && x['dest'] is String) CopyTask.fromJson(x),
+    ];
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/main.dart b/lib/main.dart
index b5f3c44..9470c74 100644
--- a/lib/main.dart
+++ b/lib/main.dart
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ Future<void> main(List<String> args) async {
   await setupMasterLock(controller); // 124: 저장된 비밀번호를 쓰기 전에 (실시간 동기화보다 먼저)
   // 실시간 동기화 (환경 설정 > 파일 탐색기): 앱이 켜져 있는 동안. 다시 켤 때 바로 / 골라서 / 시작 안 함
   await findBundledRsync(); // 앱에 들어 있는 rsync
-  final live = LiveSync(controller)..start(hold: controller.settings.liveSyncOnStart != 'auto');
+  final live = LiveSync(controller)..start(hold: controller.settings.copy.liveSyncOnStart != 'auto');
   // 화면 언어 (환경 설정 > 화면 언어)
   i18n.init(controller, dataDir);
   await i18n.apply(controller.settings.uiLanguage, save: false);
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ Future<void> main(List<String> args) async {
       ?.showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text(trf('다운로드 추가: {0}', [t.source])))));
   // 92: 트레이에 둔 채 실시간 동기화가 멈추면 Windows 알림 · 트레이 툴팁, 누르면 모니터링 > lsync 카드로
   final syncAlert = SyncAlert(live, services.shell,
-      toastEnabled: () => controller.settings.syncStopToast,
+      toastEnabled: () => controller.settings.copy.syncStopToast,
       openLsync: () {
         final nav = navigatorKey.currentState;
         if (nav != null) unawaited(nav.push(MaterialPageRoute<void>(builder: (_) => MonitorPage(c: controller, initialTab: 1))));
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ Future<void> main(List<String> args) async {
     if (home != 'mkv' && nav0 != null) {
       unawaited(AppNavButtons.openPage(nav0, home, c: controller, downloads: downloads, bookmarks: bookmarks));
     }
-    if (controller.settings.liveSyncOnStart == 'ask' && ctx.mounted) await askLiveSyncStart(ctx, live);
+    if (controller.settings.copy.liveSyncOnStart == 'ask' && ctx.mounted) await askLiveSyncStart(ctx, live);
     // 설정 파일을 읽지 못했으면 (백업으로 되살렸거나 처음 설정으로 켰으면) 알린다
     if (ctx.mounted) await showSettingsProblem(ctx, controller);
     watchSecretIssue(messengerKey, controller);
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ Future<void> runAndroid(String dataDir) async {
   await setupMasterLock(controller); // 124: 저장된 비밀번호를 쓰기 전에 (실시간 동기화보다 먼저)
   // 실시간 동기화 (환경 설정 > 파일 탐색기): 앱이 켜져 있는 동안. 다시 켤 때 바로 / 골라서 / 시작 안 함
   await findBundledRsync(); // 앱에 들어 있는 rsync
-  final live = LiveSync(controller)..start(hold: controller.settings.liveSyncOnStart != 'auto');
+  final live = LiveSync(controller)..start(hold: controller.settings.copy.liveSyncOnStart != 'auto');
   // 화면 언어 (환경 설정 > 화면 언어)
   i18n.init(controller, dataDir);
   await i18n.apply(controller.settings.uiLanguage, save: false);
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ Future<void> runAndroid(String dataDir) async {
     }
     // 다시 켤 때 실시간 동기화를 골라서 시작
     final ctx0 = navigatorKey.currentContext;
-    if (controller.settings.liveSyncOnStart == 'ask' && ctx0 != null && ctx0.mounted) await askLiveSyncStart(ctx0, live);
+    if (controller.settings.copy.liveSyncOnStart == 'ask' && ctx0 != null && ctx0.mounted) await askLiveSyncStart(ctx0, live);
     // 다른 버전을 쓰다가 돌아왔거나 앱을 다시 설치했으면 보관해 둔 설정을 되살릴지 (되살리면 앱을 끝내고 다시 켜 달라고)
     final current = await _currentVersion(services);
     final ctxV = navigatorKey.currentContext;
diff --git a/lib/ui/archive_ui.dart b/lib/ui/archive_ui.dart
index a36e373..c7e2e07 100644
--- a/lib/ui/archive_ui.dart
+++ b/lib/ui/archive_ui.dart
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ Future<String?> extractArchiveFlow(BuildContext context, AppController c, String
     return null;
   }
   var dest = choices.first.$1;
-  var conflict = switch (c.settings.copyConflict) { 'overwrite' => NameConflict.overwrite, 'skip' => NameConflict.skip, _ => NameConflict.rename };
+  var conflict = switch (c.settings.copy.conflict) { 'overwrite' => NameConflict.overwrite, 'skip' => NameConflict.skip, _ => NameConflict.rename };
   Future<int?> free(String d) async {
     var x = d;
     while (!Directory(x).existsSync() && p.dirname(x) != x) {
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ Future<String?> extractArchiveFlow(BuildContext context, AppController c, String
             // 관리자 판단: 덮어쓴 파일은 휴지통에 남지 않는다 - 되돌릴 수 없다고 알린다 (받는 쪽이 더 새것이면 설정대로 그대로 둠)
             if (conflict == NameConflict.overwrite)
               Text(
-                  c.settings.copySkipNewer
+                  c.settings.copy.skipNewer
                       ? tr('덮어쓴 파일은 되돌릴 수 없습니다 (받는 쪽이 더 새 파일은 그대로 둡니다).')
                       : tr('덮어쓴 파일은 되돌릴 수 없습니다.'),
                   style: TextStyle(color: JjColors.warning, fontSize: 12)),
@@ -253,13 +253,13 @@ Future<String?> extractArchiveFlow(BuildContext context, AppController c, String
         if (kind == ArchiveKind.zip) {
           return extractZipPlan(local, dest, plan,
               conflict: conflict,
-              skipNewer: c.settings.copySkipNewer,
+              skipNewer: c.settings.copy.skipNewer,
               password: pw,
               cancelled: cancelled,
               onProgress: (d, t) => set(t == 0 ? null : d / t));
         }
         return extract7zPlan(exe!, local, dest, plan,
-            conflict: conflict, skipNewer: c.settings.copySkipNewer, password: pw, cancelled: cancelled, onProgress: set);
+            conflict: conflict, skipNewer: c.settings.copy.skipNewer, password: pw, cancelled: cancelled, onProgress: set);
       });
       say([
         trf('{0}개를 풀었습니다: {1}', [r.done, vDisplay(dest)]),
diff --git a/lib/ui/copy_sync_settings.dart b/lib/ui/copy_sync_settings.dart
index 7401b2b..d0aab86 100644
--- a/lib/ui/copy_sync_settings.dart
+++ b/lib/ui/copy_sync_settings.dart
@@ -125,36 +125,36 @@ class _CopySyncSettingsState extends State<CopySyncSettings> {
           title: Text(tr('파일 복사 · 이동 방법')),
           subtitle: Text(tr('파일만 골랐을 때')),
           trailing: DropdownButton<String>(
-            value: _valid(s.copyMethodFile),
+            value: _valid(s.copy.methodFile),
             items: _methods(),
-            onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copyMethodFile = v!),
+            onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.methodFile = v!),
           ),
         ),
         SettingTile(
           title: Text(tr('폴더 복사 · 이동 방법')),
           subtitle: Text(tr('폴더가 들어 있을 때')),
           trailing: DropdownButton<String>(
-            value: _valid(s.copyMethodFolder),
+            value: _valid(s.copy.methodFolder),
             items: _methods(),
-            onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copyMethodFolder = v!),
+            onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.methodFolder = v!),
           ),
         ),
-        _options(tr('robocopy 옵션'), tr('예: /E /COPY:DAT /DCOPY:T /R:2 /W:2. 이동은 /MOVE 를 자동으로 붙임'), s.robocopyOptions,
-            defaultRobocopyOptions, (x, v) => x.robocopyOptions = v),
+        _options(tr('robocopy 옵션'), tr('예: /E /COPY:DAT /DCOPY:T /R:2 /W:2. 이동은 /MOVE 를 자동으로 붙임'), s.copy.robocopyOptions,
+            defaultRobocopyOptions, (x, v) => x.copy.robocopyOptions = v),
       ],
       // 48: 같은 이름이 있을 때 (앱이 직접 복사 · 이동할 때, robocopy · rsync 는 그 프로그램의 규칙)
       SettingTile(
         title: Text(tr('같은 이름이 있을 때')),
         subtitle: Text(tr('복사 · 이동할 폴더에 같은 이름이 있으면 (현재 방식 · WebDAV)')),
         trailing: DropdownButton<String>(
-          value: const ['ask', 'rename', 'overwrite', 'skip'].contains(s.copyConflict) ? s.copyConflict : 'ask',
+          value: const ['ask', 'rename', 'overwrite', 'skip'].contains(s.copy.conflict) ? s.copy.conflict : 'ask',
           items: [
             DropdownMenuItem(value: 'ask', child: Text(tr('묻기'))),
             DropdownMenuItem(value: 'rename', child: Text(tr('늘 이름 바꾸기'))),
             DropdownMenuItem(value: 'overwrite', child: Text(tr('늘 덮어쓰기'))),
             DropdownMenuItem(value: 'skip', child: Text(tr('늘 건너뛰기'))),
           ],
-          onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copyConflict = v ?? 'ask'),
+          onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.conflict = v ?? 'ask'),
         ),
       ),
       _skipNewerTile(),
@@ -165,12 +165,12 @@ class _CopySyncSettingsState extends State<CopySyncSettings> {
         trailing: SizedBox(
           width: 140,
           child: TextFormField(
-            initialValue: '${s.copyBandwidthKBps}',
+            initialValue: '${s.copy.bandwidthKBps}',
             keyboardType: TextInputType.number,
             inputFormatters: [FilteringTextInputFormatter.digitsOnly],
             decoration: const InputDecoration(isDense: true, border: OutlineInputBorder(), suffixText: 'KB/s'),
             onTapOutside: (_) => FocusManager.instance.primaryFocus?.unfocus(),
-            onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copyBandwidthKBps = int.tryParse(v) ?? 0),
+            onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.bandwidthKBps = int.tryParse(v) ?? 0),
           ),
         ),
       ),
@@ -180,8 +180,8 @@ class _CopySyncSettingsState extends State<CopySyncSettings> {
   /// Rsync 화면: rsync 옵션 · rsync 가져오기 · 실시간 동기화 (lsync)
   /// 229: 받는 쪽이 더 새것이면 건너뛰기 - 파일 탐색기 · Rsync 탭 두 곳에 같은 설정 (Rsync 화면 · 모니터링에서도 쓰여 찾기 쉽게)
   Widget _skipNewerTile() => SwitchListTile(
-        value: c.settings.copySkipNewer,
-        onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copySkipNewer = v),
+        value: c.settings.copy.skipNewer,
+        onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.skipNewer = v),
         title: Text(tr('받는 쪽이 더 새것이면 건너뛰기')),
         subtitle: Text(keepOptionsTogether(tr('현재 방식 · robocopy · WebDAV 로 복사 · 이동할 때 (rsync 의 -u, robocopy 의 /XO 와 같음). 건너뛴 파일은 이동이라도 원본에 남깁니다'))),
       );
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class _CopySyncSettingsState extends State<CopySyncSettings> {
       // 111: 이미 실행한 쌍은 기억한 옵션을 쓴다는 것을 알린다
       _options(tr('rsync 옵션'), tr('예: -avPog (보관 · 자세히 · 진행 · 소유자 · 그룹). 속도 제한은 파일 탐색기의 속도 제한을 함께 씀. '
               '새로 맞추는 폴더 쌍에 씁니다 - 이미 실행한 쌍은 기억한 옵션을 쓰며 모니터링 > 복사 · rsync 에서 따로 고칩니다'),
-          s.rsyncOptions, defaultRsyncOptions, (x, v) => x.rsyncOptions = v, rsync: true),
+          s.copy.rsyncOptions, defaultRsyncOptions, (x, v) => x.copy.rsyncOptions = v, rsync: true),
       _skipNewerTile(),
       SettingTile(
         title: Text(tr('rsync 가져오기')),
@@ -201,14 +201,14 @@ class _CopySyncSettingsState extends State<CopySyncSettings> {
             ? tr('확인 중…')
             : _rsync != null
                 ? trf('사용: {0}', [_rsync!])
-                : s.rsyncSource == 'download'
+                : s.copy.rsyncSource == 'download'
                     ? (desk
                         ? tr('이 설치본에는 rsync 가 들어 있지 않습니다 (rsync 로 복사할 때 · 오른쪽 [내려받기] 로 받습니다)')
                         : tr('이 설치본에는 rsync 가 들어 있지 않습니다. 직접 지정하세요.'))
                     : tr('지정한 파일이 없습니다')),
         trailing: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: [
           // 내려받기 · 내려받은 것 지우기 (앱에 들어 있는 것을 쓰면 보이지 않음)
-          if (desk && s.rsyncSource == 'download' && !_checking && (_rsync == null || _rsync != bundledRsync))
+          if (desk && s.copy.rsyncSource == 'download' && !_checking && (_rsync == null || _rsync != bundledRsync))
             _rsync == null
                 ? TextButton(
                     onPressed: () async {
@@ -227,28 +227,28 @@ class _CopySyncSettingsState extends State<CopySyncSettings> {
                   ),
           const SizedBox(width: 8),
           DropdownButton<String>(
-            value: s.rsyncSource,
+            value: s.copy.rsyncSource,
             items: [
               DropdownMenuItem(value: 'download', child: Text(tr('앱에 들어 있는 것 (기본)'))),
               DropdownMenuItem(value: 'custom', child: Text(tr('직접 지정'))),
             ],
             onChanged: (v) async {
-              await c.updateSettings((x) => x.rsyncSource = v!);
+              await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.rsyncSource = v!);
               await _check();
             },
           ),
         ]),
       ),
-      if (s.rsyncSource == 'custom')
+      if (s.copy.rsyncSource == 'custom')
         SettingTile(
           title: Text(tr('rsync 실행 파일')),
-          subtitle: Text(s.rsyncPath.isEmpty ? tr('고르지 않음') : s.rsyncPath),
+          subtitle: Text(s.copy.rsyncPath.isEmpty ? tr('고르지 않음') : s.copy.rsyncPath),
           trailing: TextButton(
             onPressed: () async {
               final r = await FilePicker.pickFiles(dialogTitle: tr('rsync 실행 파일'));
               final path = r.isEmpty ? null : r.single.path;
               if (path == null) return;
-              await c.updateSettings((x) => x.rsyncPath = path);
+              await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.rsyncPath = path);
               await _check();
             },
             child: Text(tr('고르기')),
@@ -275,8 +275,8 @@ Future<void> removeLiveSyncPair(BuildContext context, AppController c, LiveSyncP
     ok: tr('지우기'),
   );
   if (!ok) return;
-  await c.updateSettings((y) => y.liveSyncPairs = [
-        for (final o in y.liveSyncPairs) if (!(o.source == x.source && o.target == x.target)) o,
+  await c.updateSettings((y) => y.copy.liveSyncPairs = [
+        for (final o in y.copy.liveSyncPairs) if (!(o.source == x.source && o.target == x.target)) o,
       ]);
 }
 
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ class _LiveSyncTile extends StatelessWidget {
     if (ok != true) return;
     if (old == null) {
       await c.updateSettings((x) =>
-          x.liveSyncPairs = [...x.liveSyncPairs, LiveSyncPair(src!, dst!, method: method, delete: delete, schedule: schedule)]);
+          x.copy.liveSyncPairs = [...x.copy.liveSyncPairs, LiveSyncPair(src!, dst!, method: method, delete: delete, schedule: schedule)]);
       return;
     }
     // 원본 · 대상이 바뀌면 새 쌍 (지우기 확인도 새로 - 42), 아니면 방법 · 지우기 · 일정만
@@ -382,21 +382,21 @@ class _LiveSyncTile extends StatelessWidget {
     final now = same
         ? old.copyWith(method: method, delete: delete, schedule: schedule)
         : LiveSyncPair(src!, dst!, method: method, delete: delete, schedule: schedule, enabled: old.enabled);
-    await c.updateSettings((x) => x.liveSyncPairs = [
-          for (final o in x.liveSyncPairs) o.source == old.source && o.target == old.target ? now : o,
+    await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.liveSyncPairs = [
+          for (final o in x.copy.liveSyncPairs) o.source == old.source && o.target == old.target ? now : o,
         ]);
   }
 
   @override
   Widget build(BuildContext context) {
     final live = LiveSync.instance;
-    final pairs = c.settings.liveSyncPairs;
+    final pairs = c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs;
     Widget body() => Column(children: [
           SettingTile(
             title: Text(tr('실시간 동기화 (lsyncd 처럼)')),
             subtitle: Text(Platform.isWindows
                 ? tr('원본 폴더가 바뀌면 곧바로 대상 폴더에 맞춥니다 (앱이 켜져 있는 동안). 시작할 때 한 번 맞춥니다.')
-                : trf('{0}초마다 원본 폴더를 살펴 대상 폴더에 맞춥니다 (앱이 켜져 있는 동안).', [c.settings.liveSyncIntervalSec])),
+                : trf('{0}초마다 원본 폴더를 살펴 대상 폴더에 맞춥니다 (앱이 켜져 있는 동안).', [c.settings.copy.liveSyncIntervalSec])),
             trailing: TextButton.icon(
               onPressed: () => _add(context, c),
               icon: const Icon(Icons.add, size: 18),
@@ -414,13 +414,13 @@ class _LiveSyncTile extends StatelessWidget {
                   ? tr('WebDAV 원본에 씁니다 (PC 의 폴더는 바뀌면 바로 맞춤). 짧을수록 빨리 맞추지만 서버 · 배터리를 더 씁니다.')
                   : tr('짧을수록 빨리 맞추지만 배터리를 더 씁니다.')),
               trailing: DropdownButton<int>(
-                value: c.settings.liveSyncIntervalSec,
+                value: c.settings.copy.liveSyncIntervalSec,
                 items: [
-                  for (final v in {5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 300, 600, 1800, 3600, c.settings.liveSyncIntervalSec}.toList()..sort())
+                  for (final v in {5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 300, 600, 1800, 3600, c.settings.copy.liveSyncIntervalSec}.toList()..sort())
                     DropdownMenuItem(value: v, child: Text(v < 60 ? trf('{0}초', [v]) : trf('{0}분', [v ~/ 60]))),
                 ],
                 onChanged: (v) {
-                  if (v != null) c.updateSettings((x) => x.liveSyncIntervalSec = v);
+                  if (v != null) c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.liveSyncIntervalSec = v);
                 },
               ),
             ),
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ class _LiveSyncTile extends StatelessWidget {
                     onPressed: () async {
                       final r = await editSchedule(context, pairs[i].schedule);
                       if (r == null) return;
-                      await c.updateSettings((x) => x.liveSyncPairs = [
+                      await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.liveSyncPairs = [
                             for (var k = 0; k < pairs.length; k++) k == i ? pairs[k].copyWith(schedule: r) : pairs[k],
                           ]);
                     },
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ class _LiveSyncTile extends StatelessWidget {
                   Switch(
                     value: pairs[i].enabled,
                     onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings(
-                        (x) => x.liveSyncPairs = [for (var k = 0; k < pairs.length; k++) k == i ? pairs[k].copyWith(enabled: v) : pairs[k]]),
+                        (x) => x.copy.liveSyncPairs = [for (var k = 0; k < pairs.length; k++) k == i ? pairs[k].copyWith(enabled: v) : pairs[k]]),
                   ),
                   IconButton(
                     tooltip: tr('고치기'),
@@ -501,14 +501,14 @@ class LiveSyncRunOptions extends StatelessWidget {
   Widget build(BuildContext context) {
     final s = c.settings;
     final onStart = DropdownButton<String>(
-      value: s.liveSyncOnStart,
+      value: s.copy.liveSyncOnStart,
       isDense: dense,
       items: [
         DropdownMenuItem(value: 'auto', child: Text(tr('바로 시작 (기본)'))),
         DropdownMenuItem(value: 'ask', child: Text(tr('골라서 시작'))),
         DropdownMenuItem(value: 'off', child: Text(tr('시작 안 함 (모니터링에서 시작)'))),
       ],
-      onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.liveSyncOnStart = v!),
+      onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.liveSyncOnStart = v!),
     );
     void setBackground(bool? v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.backgroundRun = v ?? false);
     if (dense) {
diff --git a/lib/ui/explorer/explorer_controller.dart b/lib/ui/explorer/explorer_controller.dart
index 952abb8..ed419dd 100644
--- a/lib/ui/explorer/explorer_controller.dart
+++ b/lib/ui/explorer/explorer_controller.dart
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class ExplorerController extends ChangeNotifier {
     final i = panes.indexOf(q);
     final paths = [...panes.map((x) => x.current)];
     if (rsync) {
-      unawaited(c.updateSettings((s) => s.rsyncPaths = paths));
+      unawaited(c.updateSettings((s) => s.copy.rsyncPaths = paths));
     } else {
       final hist = [dir, ...c.settings.explorer.history.where((h) => !samePath(h, dir))].take(30).toList();
       unawaited(c.updateSettings((s) => s
diff --git a/lib/ui/explorer/rsync_flow.dart b/lib/ui/explorer/rsync_flow.dart
index da32461..0ca2ced 100644
--- a/lib/ui/explorer/rsync_flow.dart
+++ b/lib/ui/explorer/rsync_flow.dart
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class ExplorerRsyncFlow {
         allowInnerToOuter: ctl.c.settings.allowInnerToOuter,
         jobs: this.jobs.list,
         viaDav: l != null && r != null && ExplorerTransfers.viaDav([l, r]),
-        copySkipNewer: ctl.c.settings.copySkipNewer);
+        copySkipNewer: ctl.c.settings.copy.skipNewer);
     if (run == null) {
       ctl.host.snack(problem!);
       if (missing) {
diff --git a/lib/ui/explorer/transfer_flow.dart b/lib/ui/explorer/transfer_flow.dart
index ffda595..e0c94a9 100644
--- a/lib/ui/explorer/transfer_flow.dart
+++ b/lib/ui/explorer/transfer_flow.dart
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class ExplorerTransfers extends ChangeNotifier {
     final have = await rsyncExecutable(s);
     if (have != null) return have;
     if (!context.mounted) return null;
-    if (s.rsyncSource == 'custom' || !Platform.isWindows) {
+    if (s.copy.rsyncSource == 'custom' || !Platform.isWindows) {
       ctl.host.snack(tr('rsync 실행 파일을 찾을 수 없습니다. 환경 설정 > 파일 탐색기에서 경로를 확인하세요.'));
       return null;
     }
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class ExplorerTransfers extends ChangeNotifier {
     // 다 찾기 전에 누르면 이름 바꾸기 (원래 파일을 건드리지 않는 쪽)
     final clashesFuture = builtin ? findClashes(sources, dest) : Future.value(const <NameClash>[]);
     // 48: 환경 설정 "같은 이름이 있을 때" 가 늘 하는 것이면 묻지 않고 그대로 (확인 창에 알림만)
-    final always = switch (ctl.c.settings.copyConflict) {
+    final always = switch (ctl.c.settings.copy.conflict) {
       'rename' => NameConflict.rename,
       'overwrite' => NameConflict.overwrite,
       'skip' => NameConflict.skip,
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ class ExplorerTransfers extends ChangeNotifier {
                             ? tr('안쪽 파일을 확인하는 중 …')
                             : (n.data ?? 0) == 0
                                 ? ''
-                                : ctl.c.settings.copySkipNewer
+                                : ctl.c.settings.copy.skipNewer
                                     ? trf('안쪽에 받는 쪽이 더 새 파일 {0}개 - 합쳐도 건너뜁니다 (원본에 남음)', [n.data])
                                     : trf('안쪽에 받는 쪽이 더 새 파일 {0}개 - 합치면 예전 것으로 덮어씁니다', [n.data]),
                         style: TextStyle(fontSize: 12, color: JjColors.warning),
diff --git a/lib/ui/explorer_page.dart b/lib/ui/explorer_page.dart
index b97abf6..672927e 100644
--- a/lib/ui/explorer_page.dart
+++ b/lib/ui/explorer_page.dart
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class _ExplorerPageState extends State<ExplorerPage> implements ExplorerHost, Ex
     // X-plore 비교 e: 보관 일이 지난 휴지통 항목을 지운다 (뒤에서)
     if (_flows.deletes.appTrash case final t?) unawaited(t.purgeOlderThan(c.settings.explorer.androidTrashDays).catchError((_) => 0));
     if (Platform.isAndroid) unawaited(_access.checkAccess());
-    final saved = widget.rsync ? c.settings.rsyncPaths : c.settings.explorer.paths;
+    final saved = widget.rsync ? c.settings.copy.rsyncPaths : c.settings.explorer.paths;
     // 창마다 따로 읽는다: 한 창이 WebDAV 서버를 기다려도 다른 창 (이 기기 파일) 은 바로 보이게
     // 165: 지난 폴더가 느린 네트워크 드라이브여도 화면이 멈추지 않게 (뒤에서 확인, 오래 걸리면 그냥 열어 본다 - 못 읽으면 그 창에 이유)
     final reach = await Future.wait(
diff --git a/lib/ui/monitor/copy_task_card.dart b/lib/ui/monitor/copy_task_card.dart
index 9a7fd16..4ecd6b2 100644
--- a/lib/ui/monitor/copy_task_card.dart
+++ b/lib/ui/monitor/copy_task_card.dart
@@ -120,12 +120,12 @@ class _CopyTaskCardState extends State<CopyTaskCard> {
     FocusManager.instance.primaryFocus?.unfocus();
     // 104: 지우기가 들어 있으면 Rsync 화면과 같은 미리 보기를 거친다 (그사이 대상에 생긴 파일을 묻지 않고 지우지 않게).
     // 210: 이동 (원본 지우기) 도 - 카드의 [실행] 은 따로 묻는 창이 없어 곧바로 원본을 지웠다. 복사만은 지금처럼 바로
-    if (!await confirmDeletingRun(context, t, includeMove: true, skipNewer: widget.c.settings.copySkipNewer) || !mounted) return;
+    if (!await confirmDeletingRun(context, t, includeMove: true, skipNewer: widget.c.settings.copy.skipNewer) || !mounted) return;
     widget.c.note(trf('rsync 시작 ({0}): {1} → {2}', [tr('모니터링의 [실행]'), t.sources.join(', '), t.dest]));
     String? exe;
     if (t.method == 'rsync') {
       exe = await rsyncExecutable(widget.c.settings);
-      if (exe == null && Platform.isWindows && widget.c.settings.rsyncSource == 'download' && mounted) {
+      if (exe == null && Platform.isWindows && widget.c.settings.copy.rsyncSource == 'download' && mounted) {
         exe = await installRsyncWithDialog(context);
       }
       if (exe == null) {
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class _CopyTaskCardState extends State<CopyTaskCard> {
         content: Text(trf('칸에 보이는 옵션: {0}\n저장된 옵션: {1}\n\n고친 옵션을 저장하고 실행할까요?', [
           '${_method == 'builtin' ? tr('현재 방식') : _method} ${_options.text.trim()}',
           // 178: 실제로 쓰는 옵션 (원본 지우기는 이동일 때만)
-          effectiveRunText(t.method, t.options, move: t.move, skipNewer: widget.c.settings.copySkipNewer),
+          effectiveRunText(t.method, t.options, move: t.move, skipNewer: widget.c.settings.copy.skipNewer),
         ])),
         actions: [
           TextButton(onPressed: () => Navigator.pop(ctx), child: Text(tr('취소'))),
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ class _CopyTaskCardState extends State<CopyTaskCard> {
                 ],
                 onChanged: (v) => setState(() {
                   if (v != _method && _options.text.trim().isEmpty || _options.text.trim() == defaultRsyncOptions || _options.text.trim() == defaultRobocopyOptions) {
-                    _options.text = v == 'robocopy' ? s.robocopyOptions : v == 'rsync' ? s.rsyncOptions : '';
+                    _options.text = v == 'robocopy' ? s.copy.robocopyOptions : v == 'rsync' ? s.copy.rsyncOptions : '';
                   }
                   _method = v!;
                 }),
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ class _CopyTaskCardState extends State<CopyTaskCard> {
                 width: 460,
                 child: Column(crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start, mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: [
                   Text(
-                    '${t.move ? tr('이동') : tr('복사')} · ${trf('실제 실행: {0}', [effectiveRunText(_method, _options.text.trim(), move: t.move, skipNewer: s.copySkipNewer)])}',
+                    '${t.move ? tr('이동') : tr('복사')} · ${trf('실제 실행: {0}', [effectiveRunText(_method, _options.text.trim(), move: t.move, skipNewer: s.copy.skipNewer)])}',
                     style: TextStyle(fontSize: 12, color: t.move ? JjColors.warning : JjColors.textDim),
                   ),
                   // 관리자 지시 (10/20, 28 확인): 고쳐 읽어도 알아볼 수 없는 옵션 (실행은 작업이 막는다)
diff --git a/lib/ui/monitor/live_sync_flow.dart b/lib/ui/monitor/live_sync_flow.dart
index 3f2688f..fba35a3 100644
--- a/lib/ui/monitor/live_sync_flow.dart
+++ b/lib/ui/monitor/live_sync_flow.dart
@@ -147,10 +147,10 @@ Future<void> confirmEmptySourceSync(BuildContext context, LiveSync live, LiveSyn
   if (ok == true) await live.syncEmptyAnyway(x);
 }
 
-/// 앱을 다시 켤 때 ([AppSettings.liveSyncOnStart] 'ask'): 어느 실시간 동기화를 시작할지 고르기.
+/// 앱을 다시 켤 때 ([CopySettings.liveSyncOnStart] 'ask'): 어느 실시간 동기화를 시작할지 고르기.
 /// 고르지 않은 것은 이번 실행 동안 멈춤 (모니터링 > lsync 에서 ▶ 로 시작).
 Future<void> askLiveSyncStart(BuildContext context, LiveSync live) async {
-  final pairs = live.c.settings.liveSyncPairs.where((x) => x.enabled).toList();
+  final pairs = live.c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.where((x) => x.enabled).toList();
   if (pairs.isEmpty) return;
   final pick = {for (final x in pairs) LiveSync.keyOf(x)};
   final ok = await showDialog<bool>(
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ Future<void> askLiveSyncStart(BuildContext context, LiveSync live) async {
 }
 
 /// 같은 원본 · 대상 쌍만 [now] 로 바꿔 저장 (나머지 순서 그대로)
-Future<void> replaceLiveSyncPair(AppController c, LiveSyncPair old, LiveSyncPair now) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.liveSyncPairs = [
-      for (final y in x.liveSyncPairs) y.source == old.source && y.target == old.target ? now : y,
+Future<void> replaceLiveSyncPair(AppController c, LiveSyncPair old, LiveSyncPair now) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.liveSyncPairs = [
+      for (final y in x.copy.liveSyncPairs) y.source == old.source && y.target == old.target ? now : y,
     ]);
 
 /// 69: 카드의 길게 누르기 · 오른쪽 클릭 메뉴
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Future<bool> finalizeLiveSync(BuildContext context, AppController c, LiveSyncPai
   );
   if (go != true || !context.mounted) return false;
   var exe = await rsyncExecutable(c.settings);
-  if (exe == null && Platform.isWindows && c.settings.rsyncSource == 'download' && context.mounted) {
+  if (exe == null && Platform.isWindows && c.settings.copy.rsyncSource == 'download' && context.mounted) {
     exe = await installRsyncWithDialog(context);
   }
   if (exe == null) {
diff --git a/lib/ui/monitor_page.dart b/lib/ui/monitor_page.dart
index 59ef0f3..e9e6e93 100644
--- a/lib/ui/monitor_page.dart
+++ b/lib/ui/monitor_page.dart
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class _LiveTabState extends State<_LiveTab> {
     // 열 때 맞출 것을 새로 센다
     final live = LiveSync.instance;
     if (live != null) {
-      for (final x in c.settings.liveSyncPairs) {
+      for (final x in c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs) {
         live.refreshPending(x);
       }
     }
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class _LiveTabState extends State<_LiveTab> {
     return ListenableBuilder(
       listenable: Listenable.merge([c, ?live]),
       builder: (context, _) {
-        final pairs = c.settings.liveSyncPairs;
+        final pairs = c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs;
         return ListView(padding: const EdgeInsets.all(12), children: [
           Row(children: [
             Expanded(
diff --git a/lib/ui/settings/transfer_sections.dart b/lib/ui/settings/transfer_sections.dart
index d365ada..9cf9de3 100644
--- a/lib/ui/settings/transfer_sections.dart
+++ b/lib/ui/settings/transfer_sections.dart
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ class _RsyncSettingsSectionState extends State<RsyncSettingsSection> {
                     ),
                     if (desk)
                       SwitchListTile(
-                        value: s.syncStopToast,
-                        onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.syncStopToast = v),
+                        value: s.copy.syncStopToast,
+                        onChanged: (v) => c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.syncStopToast = v),
                         title: Text(tr('동기화가 멈추면 Windows 알림')),
                         subtitle: Text(tr('창을 트레이에 둔 채 실시간 동기화가 원본을 못 읽어 멈추면 알림을 띄웁니다 (트레이 툴팁 경고는 늘)')),
                       ),
                     // Windows 에서 알림이 꺼져 있으면 알리고 설정을 열어 준다 (바꾸지는 않음)
-                    if (desk && s.syncStopToast) const ToastStatusHint(),
+                    if (desk && s.copy.syncStopToast) const ToastStatusHint(),
     ]);
   }
 }
diff --git a/lib/ui/webdav_settings.dart b/lib/ui/webdav_settings.dart
index eb2b22f..19f405f 100644
--- a/lib/ui/webdav_settings.dart
+++ b/lib/ui/webdav_settings.dart
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ bool isPlainHttp(String url) => url.trim().toLowerCase().startsWith('http://');
 List<String> davServerUsers(AppSettings s, String id) {
   bool on(String path) => isDav(path) && DavPath.parse(path).server == id;
   return [
-    for (final x in s.liveSyncPairs)
+    for (final x in s.copy.liveSyncPairs)
       if (on(x.source) || on(x.target)) trf('실시간 동기화: {0} → {1}', [vDisplay(x.source), vDisplay(x.target)]),
-    for (final t in s.copyTasks)
+    for (final t in s.copy.tasks)
       if (on(t.dest) || t.sources.any(on)) trf('기억된 작업: {0} → {1}', [t.sources.map(vDisplay).join(', '), vDisplay(t.dest)]),
   ];
 }
diff --git a/test/a11y_names_test.dart b/test/a11y_names_test.dart
index e4e37d6..f3e920a 100644
--- a/test/a11y_names_test.dart
+++ b/test/a11y_names_test.dart
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ void main() {
     Directory(p.join(tmp.path, 'sub')).createSync();
     c.settings
       ..explorer.paths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
-      ..rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
-      ..copyTasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, 'sub'), method: 'rsync', options: '-av')]
-      ..liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(tmp.path, p.join(tmp.path, 'x'))];
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
+      ..copy.tasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, 'sub'), method: 'rsync', options: '-av')]
+      ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(tmp.path, p.join(tmp.path, 'x'))];
     await tester.runAsync(() => tester.pumpWidget(MaterialApp(home: page(c))));
     for (var i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
       await tester.runAsync(() => Future<void>.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 30)));
diff --git a/test/confirm_actions_test.dart b/test/confirm_actions_test.dart
index a060813..b1714a2 100644
--- a/test/confirm_actions_test.dart
+++ b/test/confirm_actions_test.dart
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ void main() {
     final tmp = Directory.systemTemp.createTempSync('jj_card_');
     addTearDown(() => tmp.deleteSync(recursive: true));
     final src = p.join(tmp.path, 'movies', 'src'), dst = p.join(tmp.path, 'backup', 'dst');
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(src, dst)];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(src, dst)];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     LiveSync.instance = live;
     addTearDown(() {
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.text('실시간 동기화를 지울까요?'), findsOneWidget);
     await tester.tap(find.text('취소'));
     await tester.pumpAndSettle();
-    expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs, hasLength(1));
+    expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs, hasLength(1));
     // 카드의 지우기 버튼 → 확인 → 지움
     await tester.tap(find.byTooltip('지우기'));
     await tester.pumpAndSettle();
     await tester.tap(find.widgetWithText(FilledButton, '지우기'));
     await tester.pumpAndSettle();
-    expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs, isEmpty);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs, isEmpty);
   });
 
   testWidgets('46: MKV 목록 "모두 지우기" 는 확인 뒤 · 45: 대기 작업이 있으면 지금 작업만 / 모두 고르기', (tester) async {
diff --git a/test/decisions_test.dart b/test/decisions_test.dart
index 3fbdcc7..7eefc7e 100644
--- a/test/decisions_test.dart
+++ b/test/decisions_test.dart
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void main() {
   test('기본값 = 정한 답 · 저장 · 읽기', () {
     final s = AppSettings();
     expect([
-      s.startMenuShortcut, s.syncStopToast, s.swipeWrap, s.migrationNotice, s.allowInnerToOuter,
+      s.startMenuShortcut, s.copy.syncStopToast, s.swipeWrap, s.migrationNotice, s.allowInnerToOuter,
       s.rememberPasswords, s.recycleOnDelete, s.readerSystemBars,
     ], everyElement(isTrue));
     expect(s.cleanupPrechecked, ['work', 'download']);
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ void main() {
     expect([s.webPauseOnLeave, s.autoCheckUpdates, s.youtubeAdSkip, s.youtubeAdHide, s.runInBackground, s.swipeNav],
         everyElement(isTrue));
     // 탐색기 처음 배치 = 두 창 (규칙 7 · 관리자 결정 3, 10/22)
-    expect([s.liveSyncOnStart, s.liveSyncIntervalSec, s.explorer.layout, s.zipComic], ['auto', 30, 'dual', false]);
+    expect([s.copy.liveSyncOnStart, s.copy.liveSyncIntervalSec, s.explorer.layout, s.zipComic], ['auto', 30, 'dual', false]);
     expect([AppSettings.uiScaleMin, AppSettings.uiScaleMax], [0.5, 2.5]);
     // 바꾼 값은 남는다
     final b = AppSettings.fromJson((AppSettings()
           ..startMenuShortcut = false
-          ..syncStopToast = false
+          ..copy.syncStopToast = false
           ..swipeWrap = false
           ..migrationNotice = false
           ..allowInnerToOuter = false
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ void main() {
           ..tripleTapAction = 'none'
           ..davExternalOpen = 'url')
         .toJson());
-    expect([b.startMenuShortcut, b.syncStopToast, b.swipeWrap, b.migrationNotice, b.allowInnerToOuter, b.rememberPasswords,
+    expect([b.startMenuShortcut, b.copy.syncStopToast, b.swipeWrap, b.migrationNotice, b.allowInnerToOuter, b.rememberPasswords,
         b.recycleOnDelete], everyElement(isFalse));
     expect([b.cleanupPrechecked, b.tripleTapAction, b.davExternalOpen], [['logs'], 'none', 'url']);
   });
diff --git a/test/dismiss_test.dart b/test/dismiss_test.dart
index 8e34e81..c729e77 100644
--- a/test/dismiss_test.dart
+++ b/test/dismiss_test.dart
@@ -90,17 +90,17 @@ void main() {
         ..createSync(recursive: true)
         ..writeAsStringSync('o');
       final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, delete: true);
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       addTearDown(live.dispose);
       await tester.runAsync(() => live.syncNow(pair));
       expect(live.toDelete[LiveSync.keyOf(pair)], ['only.txt']);
-      await host(tester, (ctx) => confirmLiveDeletes(ctx, live, c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single));
+      await host(tester, (ctx) => confirmLiveDeletes(ctx, live, c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single));
       await dismiss(tester, how == 'cancel' ? 'back' : how); // 이 창의 "닫기" 는 [나중에]
       await settle(tester, () => false, rounds: 10);
       expect(File(p.join(dst, 'only.txt')).existsSync(), isTrue);
-      expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single.delete, isTrue);
-      expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single.deleteConfirmed, isFalse);
+      expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single.delete, isTrue);
+      expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single.deleteConfirmed, isFalse);
     });
 
     testWidgets('70 원본이 빈 쌍의 [그래도 맞추기] 창 ($how) → 지우지 않음', (tester) async {
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ void main() {
         ..createSync(recursive: true)
         ..writeAsStringSync('k');
       final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, delete: true).copyWith(deleteConfirmed: true);
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       addTearDown(live.dispose);
       await tester.runAsync(() => live.syncNow(pair));
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ void main() {
     final keep = File(p.join(dst, 'keep.txt'))
       ..createSync(recursive: true)
       ..writeAsStringSync('k');
-    c.settings.copyTasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [src], dest: dst, contents: true, method: 'rsync', options: '-av --delete')];
+    c.settings.copy.tasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [src], dest: dst, contents: true, method: 'rsync', options: '-av --delete')];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 1000);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ void main() {
       ..createSync(recursive: true)
       ..writeAsStringSync('a');
     Directory(dst).createSync();
-    c.settings.copyTasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [src], dest: dst, contents: true, move: true, method: 'builtin')];
+    c.settings.copy.tasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [src], dest: dst, contents: true, move: true, method: 'builtin')];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 1000);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ void main() {
       ..createSync(recursive: true)
       ..writeAsStringSync('a');
     Directory(dst).createSync();
-    c.settings.copyTasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [src], dest: dst, contents: true, method: 'robocopy', options: '/E')];
+    c.settings.copy.tasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [src], dest: dst, contents: true, method: 'robocopy', options: '/E')];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 1000);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -297,11 +297,11 @@ void main() {
 
   testWidgets('237: 모니터링 카드 실패 글은 예외 이름 없이, 원문 (명령 줄 포함) 은 [자세히] 에서 보고 복사', (tester) async {
     const raw = 'ProcessException: 원본 파일을 지우지 못했습니다\n  Command: rsync -avPog --remove-source-files a/ b/';
-    c.settings.copyTasks = [
+    c.settings.copy.tasks = [
       const CopyTask(id: '1', sources: ['a'], dest: 'b', method: 'rsync', options: '-avPog', move: true)
           .copyWith(lastResult: 'failed', lastRun: DateTime(2026, 10, 12, 9).toIso8601String(), lastMessage: '원본 파일을 지우지 못했습니다', lastDetail: raw),
     ];
-    expect(CopyTask.fromJson(c.settings.copyTasks.single.toJson()).lastDetail, raw);
+    expect(CopyTask.fromJson(c.settings.copy.tasks.single.toJson()).lastDetail, raw);
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 1000);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ void main() {
     final src = p.join(tmp.path, 'mv243'), dst = p.join(tmp.path, 'mv243d');
     Directory(src).createSync();
     Directory(dst).createSync();
-    c.settings.copyTasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [src], dest: dst, contents: true, move: true, method: 'builtin')];
+    c.settings.copy.tasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [src], dest: dst, contents: true, move: true, method: 'builtin')];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 1000);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -350,12 +350,12 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.textContaining('실시간 동기화는 원본을 지우지 않습니다 (복사로 맞춤)'), findsOneWidget);
     await tester.tap(find.text('취소').last);
     await tester.pumpAndSettle();
-    expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs, isEmpty, reason: '취소하면 옮기지 않음');
+    expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs, isEmpty, reason: '취소하면 옮기지 않음');
     await tester.tap(find.text('lsync 로 이동').first);
     await tester.pumpAndSettle();
     await tester.tap(find.widgetWithText(FilledButton, '옮기기'));
     await tester.pumpAndSettle();
-    expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.map((x) => x.source), [src]);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.map((x) => x.source), [src]);
   });
 
   testWidgets('105: 원본이 대상 안 + 창에서 [원본 파일 지우기] 로 지우기 옵션이 생기면 막는다', (tester) async {
@@ -365,9 +365,9 @@ void main() {
       ..writeAsStringSync('n');
     final center = CopyCenter.of(c);
     c.settings
-      ..rsyncOptions = '-avPog'
+      ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-avPog'
       ..explorer.layout = 'single'
-      ..rsyncPaths = [outer, tmp.path];
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [outer, tmp.path];
     // 이동 (원본 파일 지우기) 작업만 --delete 를 기억
     await center.remember([inner], outer, contents: true, method: 'rsync', move: true).then((t) => center.update(t.copyWith(options: '-avPog --delete')));
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1600, 900);
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ void main() {
     final a = p.join(tmp.path, 'ca'), b = p.join(tmp.path, 'cb');
     Directory(a).createSync(recursive: true);
     Directory(b).createSync(recursive: true);
-    c.settings.copyTasks = [
+    c.settings.copy.tasks = [
       CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [a], dest: b, contents: true, method: 'rsync', options: '-avPog --remove-source-files'),
       CopyTask(id: '2', sources: [b], dest: a, contents: true, move: true, method: 'rsync', options: '-avPog'),
     ];
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ void main() {
     File(p.join(dst, 'keep.txt'))
       ..createSync(recursive: true)
       ..writeAsStringSync('k');
-    c.settings.copyTasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [src], dest: dst, contents: true, method: 'rsync', options: '-av')];
+    c.settings.copy.tasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [src], dest: dst, contents: true, method: 'rsync', options: '-av')];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 1000);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.text('고친 옵션을 저장하지 않았습니다'), findsOneWidget);
     await tester.tap(find.text('저장하고 실행'));
     await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 300));
-    expect(c.settings.copyTasks.single.options, '-av --delete');
+    expect(c.settings.copy.tasks.single.options, '-av --delete');
     // 저장한 옵션에 지우기가 있으므로 미리 보기 창
     expect(find.text('지우기가 들어 있는 작업입니다'), findsOneWidget);
     await settle(tester, () => find.textContaining('비교하는 중').evaluate().isEmpty, rounds: 200);
diff --git a/test/explorer_archive_trash_test.dart b/test/explorer_archive_trash_test.dart
index 2dbd129..19764cf 100644
--- a/test/explorer_archive_trash_test.dart
+++ b/test/explorer_archive_trash_test.dart
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ void main() {
 
   testWidgets('178 보충: 설정의 원본 지우기 옵션은 복사 창에서 빠진 까닭을 알린다 (이동 창에는 없음)', (tester) async {
     c.settings
-      ..copyMethodFile = 'robocopy'
-      ..robocopyOptions = '/E /MOV';
+      ..copy.methodFile = 'robocopy'
+      ..copy.robocopyOptions = '/E /MOV';
     await open(tester);
     await act(tester, () => tester.tap(find.text('doc.txt')));
     await settle(tester, () => false, rounds: 15);
diff --git a/test/explorer_conflict_test.dart b/test/explorer_conflict_test.dart
index e541bd6..552adcd 100644
--- a/test/explorer_conflict_test.dart
+++ b/test/explorer_conflict_test.dart
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ void main() {
   });
 
   testWidgets('48 보충: 환경 설정이 "늘 덮어쓰기" 면 묻지 않고 (확인 창에 알림만) 덮어쓴다', (tester) async {
-    c.settings.copyConflict = 'overwrite';
+    c.settings.copy.conflict = 'overwrite';
     await startCopy(tester);
     expect(find.text('덮어쓰기 (원래 파일은 없어집니다)'), findsNothing, reason: '고르는 칸 없음');
     expect(find.textContaining('환경 설정대로 덮어씁니다'), findsOneWidget);
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void main() {
     File(p.join(right, 'D', 'same.txt'))
       ..createSync(recursive: true)
       ..writeAsStringSync('NEWER');
-    c.settings.copyConflict = 'overwrite';
+    c.settings.copy.conflict = 'overwrite';
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1600, 900);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ void main() {
 
   testWidgets('52: 복사 중에 화면을 떠났다 돌아와도 진행 막대가 다시 보이고, 끝나면 받는 폴더를 새로 읽는다 (.jjpart 가 남아 보이지 않음)', (tester) async {
     File(p.join(left, 'big.bin')).writeAsBytesSync(List.filled(150 * 1024, 3));
-    c.settings.copyBandwidthKBps = 60; // 약 2.5초 걸리게
+    c.settings.copy.bandwidthKBps = 60; // 약 2.5초 걸리게
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1600, 900);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
diff --git a/test/explorer_filter_rsync_test.dart b/test/explorer_filter_rsync_test.dart
index 20f0851..f192ad1 100644
--- a/test/explorer_filter_rsync_test.dart
+++ b/test/explorer_filter_rsync_test.dart
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ void main() {
     File(p.join(right, 'rsub', 'back.txt')).writeAsStringSync('b'); // ⇄ 비교에서 ← 로 건너갈 것
     c.settings
       ..explorer.layout = 'single' // 파일 탐색기 배치와 상관없이 두 창
-      ..rsyncPaths = [left, right];
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [left, right];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1600, 900);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.textContaining('-avPog -u'), findsNWidgets(2));
     await tester.tap(find.text('취소'));
     await calm(tester);
-    expect(c.settings.copyTasks, isEmpty);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.tasks, isEmpty);
     expect(find.text(keepOptionsTogether('원본 파일 지우기 (--remove-source-files)')), findsNothing); // 양쪽에는 없음
     // → 는 한 방향 · -u 없이 · 원본 파일 지우기를 고를 수 있다 (고르면 원본 폴더 남김 / 지움)
     await act(tester, () => tester.tap(find.text('좌 → 우')));
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ void main() {
     await tester.tap(find.text('취소'));
     await calm(tester);
     // 고른 폴더는 기억 (다음에 열 때 그 폴더부터)
-    expect(c.settings.rsyncPaths, [p.join(left, 'sub'), p.join(right, 'rsub')]);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.rsyncPaths, [p.join(left, 'sub'), p.join(right, 'rsub')]);
 
     // 새 폴더: 만든 폴더가 바로 그 창의 원본 · 대상으로 골라진다 (오른쪽 창 rsub 안에)
     await act(tester, () => tester.tap(find.text('rsub')));
diff --git a/test/explorer_keys_drag_test.dart b/test/explorer_keys_drag_test.dart
index ef16ad7..17e3811 100644
--- a/test/explorer_keys_drag_test.dart
+++ b/test/explorer_keys_drag_test.dart
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ void main() {
       File(p.join(left, 'e.txt')).writeAsStringSync('e');
       c.settings
         ..explorer.dropAction = 'move'
-        ..copyConflict = 'overwrite';
+        ..copy.conflict = 'overwrite';
       await open(tester);
       // 전체 시험 중 (부하) 에는 목록을 늦게 읽어 e.txt 를 못 찾았다 - 두 파일이 보일 때까지
       await settle(tester, () => find.text('e.txt').evaluate().isNotEmpty && find.text('doc.txt').evaluate().isNotEmpty);
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ void main() {
         ..writeAsStringSync('mine');
       c.settings
         ..explorer.dropAction = 'move'
-        ..copyConflict = 'overwrite';
+        ..copy.conflict = 'overwrite';
       await open(tester);
       await act(tester, () => tester.tap(find.text('선택').first));
       await act(tester, () => tester.tap(markOf('doc.txt')));
diff --git a/test/explorer_modules_e5c_contract_test.dart b/test/explorer_modules_e5c_contract_test.dart
index c3cf141..e6af497 100644
--- a/test/explorer_modules_e5c_contract_test.dart
+++ b/test/explorer_modules_e5c_contract_test.dart
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ void main() {
 
   test('Rsync 실행: 막는 이유 · 쌍 · ⇄ 의 옵션 (← 는 지우지 않음 · -u) · 원본 지우기 · 미리 보기 (실제 폴더)', () async {
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
-    c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-a --delete';
+    c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-a --delete';
     final center = CopyCenter.of(c);
     final l = p.join(tmp.path, 'L'), r = p.join(tmp.path, 'R');
     Directory(l).createSync();
diff --git a/test/explorer_parallel_test.dart b/test/explorer_parallel_test.dart
index 562e0d3..e5c6f12 100644
--- a/test/explorer_parallel_test.dart
+++ b/test/explorer_parallel_test.dart
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ void main() {
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     c.settings
       ..explorer.paths = [left, right]
-      ..copyBandwidthKBps = 512; // 큰 파일이 6초쯤 걸리게
+      ..copy.bandwidthKBps = 512; // 큰 파일이 6초쯤 걸리게
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1600, 900);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ void main() {
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     c.settings
       ..explorer.orientation = 'side'
-      ..rsyncPaths = [l, r];
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [l, r];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(400, 860);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ void main() {
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     c.settings
       ..explorer.orientation = 'side'
-      ..rsyncPaths = [l, r];
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [l, r];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(412, 900);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ void main() {
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     c.settings
       ..explorer.orientation = 'side'
-      ..rsyncPaths = [l, r];
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [l, r];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(860, 400);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ void main() {
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     c.settings
       ..explorer.orientation = 'side'
-      ..rsyncPaths = [p.join(inner, 'L'), p.join(sd, 'R')];
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [p.join(inner, 'L'), p.join(sd, 'R')];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(412, 880);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ void main() {
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     c.settings
       ..explorer.layout = 'single'
-      ..rsyncPaths = [l, r];
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [l, r];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1600, 900);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
diff --git a/test/explorer_select_ops_test.dart b/test/explorer_select_ops_test.dart
index fd3291a..00f6544 100644
--- a/test/explorer_select_ops_test.dart
+++ b/test/explorer_select_ops_test.dart
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ void main() {
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1600, 900);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
-    c.settings.rsyncPaths = [left, right];
+    c.settings.copy.rsyncPaths = [left, right];
     await tester.runAsync(() => tester.pumpWidget(MaterialApp(home: ExplorerPage(c: c, rsync: true))));
     await settle(tester, () => find.text('doc.txt').evaluate().isNotEmpty);
     await act(tester, () => tester.tap(find.byTooltip('즐겨찾기').first));
@@ -203,9 +203,9 @@ void main() {
     await act(tester, () => tester.tap(find.byTooltip('즐겨찾기').first));
     await calm(tester);
     await act(tester, () => tester.tap(find.text('거꾸로')));
-    await settle(tester, () => c.settings.rsyncPaths.length == 2 && c.settings.rsyncPaths[0] == right && c.settings.rsyncPaths[1] == left,
+    await settle(tester, () => c.settings.copy.rsyncPaths.length == 2 && c.settings.copy.rsyncPaths[0] == right && c.settings.copy.rsyncPaths[1] == left,
         rounds: 100);
-    expect(c.settings.rsyncPaths, [right, left]);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.rsyncPaths, [right, left]);
   });
 
   testWidgets('74: 고르기 도구 - 개수 · 합계 크기, 반전, 패턴, 같은 확장자, 범위 (Shift · 길게 누르기)', (tester) async {
diff --git a/test/explorer_steady_test.dart b/test/explorer_steady_test.dart
index 3eb0a5e..cecbd0e 100644
--- a/test/explorer_steady_test.dart
+++ b/test/explorer_steady_test.dart
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ void main() {
     c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService(), shell: NoopShell()));
     c.settings
       ..explorer.paths = [left, right]
-      ..copyMethodFile = 'builtin'
-      ..copyMethodFolder = 'builtin';
+      ..copy.methodFile = 'builtin'
+      ..copy.methodFolder = 'builtin';
   });
   tearDown(() async {
     for (var i = 0;; i++) {
diff --git a/test/explorer_webdav_test.dart b/test/explorer_webdav_test.dart
index b18bd69..c5d8f3a 100644
--- a/test/explorer_webdav_test.dart
+++ b/test/explorer_webdav_test.dart
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ void main() {
     final s = DavServer(id: 'nas', name: '집 NAS', url: server.url, user: 'user', password: 'pass');
     c.settings
       ..webdavServers = [s]
-      ..rsyncOptions = '-av --remove-source-files'
-      ..rsyncPaths = [left, 'dav://nas/'];
+      ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-av --remove-source-files'
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [left, 'dav://nas/'];
     DavRegistry.configure([s]);
     // 1280×720 (낮은 창) 에서도 체크 · 경고가 버튼에 가려지지 않게
     await pump(tester, ExplorerPage(device: device, c: c, rsync: true), size: const Size(1280, 720));
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ void main() {
     final s = DavServer(id: 'nas', name: '집 NAS', url: server.url, user: 'user', password: 'pass');
     c.settings
       ..webdavServers = [s]
-      ..rsyncPaths = [left, 'dav://nas/'];
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [left, 'dav://nas/'];
     DavRegistry.configure([s]);
     await pump(tester, ExplorerPage(device: device, c: c, rsync: true));
     await settle(tester, () => find.text('sub').evaluate().isNotEmpty && find.text('원격').evaluate().isNotEmpty);
@@ -216,6 +216,6 @@ void main() {
     await settle(tester, () => got.existsSync() && find.byType(LinearProgressIndicator).evaluate().isEmpty, rounds: 200);
     expect(got.readAsStringSync(), 'inner');
     expect(File(p.join(remote.path, '원격', 'note.txt')).existsSync(), isTrue); // 지우기 없이
-    expect(c.settings.copyTasks.single.dest, 'dav://nas/원격'); // 모니터링에 남음
+    expect(c.settings.copy.tasks.single.dest, 'dav://nas/원격'); // 모니터링에 남음
   });
 }
diff --git a/test/large_text_test.dart b/test/large_text_test.dart
index b1f1301..70aac52 100644
--- a/test/large_text_test.dart
+++ b/test/large_text_test.dart
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ void main() {
         final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
         c.settings
           ..explorer.paths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
-          ..rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
-          ..copyTasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, 'sub'), method: 'rsync', options: '-av')]
-          ..liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(tmp.path, p.join(tmp.path, 'x'))];
+          ..copy.rsyncPaths = [tmp.path, tmp.path]
+          ..copy.tasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, 'sub'), method: 'rsync', options: '-av')]
+          ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(tmp.path, p.join(tmp.path, 'x'))];
         c.videos.add(VideoItem(p.join(tmp.path, '아주 긴 이름의 동영상 파일 - 시험용 2026.mp4')));
         c.selected = c.videos.first;
         final d = DownloadManager(backends: const [], settings: () => c.settings, readClipboard: () async => null);
diff --git a/test/live_sync_args_test.dart b/test/live_sync_args_test.dart
index c3cffba..160b130 100644
--- a/test/live_sync_args_test.dart
+++ b/test/live_sync_args_test.dart
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import 'package:jj_mkvmaker/app/settings.dart';
 /// 97: 실시간 동기화의 지우기는 쌍의 "지우기 포함" 으로만 (설정 옵션의 --delete · --del · /MIR · /PURGE 는 빼고)
 void main() {
   test('rsync: 설정 옵션의 지우기는 빼고, 쌍이 지우기 포함일 때만 --delete 하나', () {
-    final s = AppSettings()..rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete --del --delete-after';
+    final s = AppSettings()..copy.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete --del --delete-after';
     final off = LiveSync.rsyncArgsFor(LiveSyncPair('/a', '/b'), s, windows: false);
     expect(off.where((o) => o.startsWith('--del')), isEmpty);
     final on = LiveSync.rsyncArgsFor(LiveSyncPair('/a', '/b', delete: true), s, windows: false);
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ void main() {
   });
 
   test('10/20: --delete-excluded 는 쌍이 지우기 포함일 때만 (지울지 묻는 목록과 같게)', () {
-    final s = AppSettings()..rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded';
+    final s = AppSettings()..copy.rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded';
     final off = LiveSync.rsyncArgsFor(LiveSyncPair('/a', '/b'), s, windows: false);
     expect(off.where((o) => o.startsWith('--del')), isEmpty);
     final on = LiveSync.rsyncArgsFor(LiveSyncPair('/a', '/b', delete: true), s, windows: false);
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void main() {
   });
 
   test('robocopy: /MIR 는 /E 로, /PURGE 는 쌍이 지우기 포함일 때만', () {
-    final s = AppSettings()..robocopyOptions = '/MIR /PURGE /R:2';
+    final s = AppSettings()..copy.robocopyOptions = '/MIR /PURGE /R:2';
     final off = LiveSync.robocopyArgsFor(LiveSyncPair(r'C:\a', r'D:\b'), s).map((o) => o.toUpperCase()).toList();
     expect(off, isNot(contains('/MIR')));
     expect(off, isNot(contains('/PURGE')));
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ void main() {
 
   test('107: 원본을 지우는 옵션 (--remove-source-files · /MOV · /MOVE) 도 실시간 동기화에서는 쓰지 않는다', () {
     final s = AppSettings()
-      ..rsyncOptions = '-avPog --remove-source-files --remove-sent-files'
-      ..robocopyOptions = '/E /MOV /MOVE';
+      ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --remove-source-files --remove-sent-files'
+      ..copy.robocopyOptions = '/E /MOV /MOVE';
     final r = LiveSync.rsyncArgsFor(LiveSyncPair('/a', '/b', delete: true), s, windows: false);
     expect(r.where((o) => o.startsWith('--remove')), isEmpty);
     final w = LiveSync.robocopyArgsFor(LiveSyncPair(r'C:', r'D:', delete: true), s).map((o) => o.toUpperCase()).toList();
diff --git a/test/live_sync_scene_test.dart b/test/live_sync_scene_test.dart
index 182d04b..2b33fc5 100644
--- a/test/live_sync_scene_test.dart
+++ b/test/live_sync_scene_test.dart
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ void main() {
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     // 앱에 든 rsync 를 그대로 (시험 환경에는 앱 폴더 (path_provider) 가 없어 '직접 지정' 으로)
     c.settings
-      ..rsyncSource = 'custom'
-      ..rsyncPath = rsync;
+      ..copy.rsyncSource = 'custom'
+      ..copy.rsyncPath = rsync;
     final bad = <String>[];
     for (final opts in sceneOptions) {
       writeScene(src, want);
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ void main() {
       writeScene(src, got);
       final before = treeOf(got);
       final gone = [for (final k in before.keys) if (!w.containsKey(k)) k];
-      c.settings.rsyncOptions = opts;
+      c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = opts;
       final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, got, method: 'rsync', delete: optionsDelete(opts));
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       final k = LiveSync.keyOf(pair);
       final why = <String>[];
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ void main() {
       if (!RsyncFilter.parse(opts).deleteExcluded && excl.isNotEmpty) why.add('--delete-excluded 가 없는데 따로 묶음: $excl');
       if (excl.toSet().difference(asked.toSet()).isNotEmpty) why.add('따로 묶은 것이 지울 목록에 없음: $excl');
       if (excl.toSet().length != wantExcl.length || !excl.toSet().containsAll(wantExcl)) why.add('따로 묶은 것 $excl ≠ $wantExcl');
-      if (asked.isNotEmpty) await live.decideDelete(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single, delete: true);
+      if (asked.isNotEmpty) await live.decideDelete(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single, delete: true);
       why.addAll(treeDiff(w, treeOf(got)));
       if ((live.pending[k] ?? const []).isNotEmpty) why.add('맞춘 뒤에도 맞출 것: ${live.pending[k]}');
       live.dispose();
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ void main() {
     }
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     c.settings
-      ..rsyncSource = 'custom'
-      ..rsyncPath = rsync
-      ..rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded';
+      ..copy.rsyncSource = 'custom'
+      ..copy.rsyncPath = rsync
+      ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded';
     final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, method: 'rsync', delete: true);
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     addTearDown(live.dispose);
     await tester.runAsync(() => live.syncNow(pair));
@@ -130,29 +130,29 @@ void main() {
     }
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     c.settings
-      ..rsyncSource = 'custom'
-      ..rsyncPath = rsync
-      ..rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp';
+      ..copy.rsyncSource = 'custom'
+      ..copy.rsyncPath = rsync
+      ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp';
     // 이미 이 옵션으로 확인한 쌍
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [
       LiveSyncPair(src, dst, method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: true, confirmedOptions: '-av --exclude=*.tmp'),
     ];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     addTearDown(live.dispose);
-    LiveSyncPair pair() => c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single;
+    LiveSyncPair pair() => c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single;
     final k = LiveSync.keyOf(pair());
     await live.syncNow(pair());
     expect(live.toDelete[k], isNull);
     expect(File(p.join(dst, 'a.txt')).existsSync(), isTrue);
 
     // ① 지울 것이 늘지 않는 바꿈 (-h 더하기) → 묻지 않고 지금 옵션을 기억
-    c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-avh --exclude=*.tmp';
+    c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-avh --exclude=*.tmp';
     await live.syncNow(pair());
     expect(live.toDelete[k], isNull);
     expect(pair().confirmedOptions, '-avh --exclude=*.tmp');
 
     // ② --delete-excluded 를 더함 → 거른 것이 새로 지워지므로 다시 묻고, 확인 전에는 지우지 않음
-    c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-avh --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded';
+    c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-avh --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded';
     await live.syncNow(pair());
     expect(live.toDelete[k], unorderedEquals(['only.tmp', 'keep']));
     expect(live.reasked, contains(k));
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ void main() {
     expect(live.reasked, isNot(contains(k)));
 
     // ③ 거르기를 빼면 (--exclude 를 지움) 지울 것은 줄거나 같다 → 묻지 않음
-    c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-avh';
+    c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-avh';
     await live.syncNow(pair());
     expect(live.toDelete[k], isNull);
     expect(pair().confirmedOptions, '-avh');
@@ -175,15 +175,15 @@ void main() {
     // ④ 예전에 확인한 쌍 (기억한 옵션 없음): --delete-excluded 로 새로 지워질 것이 있으면 묻는다 · 없으면 기억만
     File(p.join(dst, 'new.tmp')).writeAsStringSync('n');
     c.settings
-      ..rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded'
-      ..liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair.fromJson({'source': src, 'target': dst, 'method': 'rsync', 'delete': true})];
+      ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded'
+      ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair.fromJson({'source': src, 'target': dst, 'method': 'rsync', 'delete': true})];
     expect(pair().confirmedOptions, isNull);
     await live.syncNow(pair());
     expect(live.toDelete[k], ['new.tmp']);
     expect(File(p.join(dst, 'new.tmp')).existsSync(), isTrue);
     c.settings
-      ..rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp'
-      ..liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair.fromJson({'source': src, 'target': dst, 'method': 'rsync', 'delete': true})];
+      ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp'
+      ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair.fromJson({'source': src, 'target': dst, 'method': 'rsync', 'delete': true})];
     await live.syncNow(pair());
     expect(live.toDelete[k], isNull);
     expect(pair().confirmedOptions, '-av --exclude=*.tmp');
@@ -219,8 +219,8 @@ void main() {
       }
       c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
       c.settings
-        ..rsyncSource = 'custom'
-        ..rsyncPath = sceneRsync ?? '';
+        ..copy.rsyncSource = 'custom'
+        ..copy.rsyncPath = sceneRsync ?? '';
     });
     tearDown(() => tmp.deleteSync(recursive: true));
     bool there(String rel) => File(p.join(dst, rel)).existsSync();
@@ -248,14 +248,14 @@ void main() {
           expect(r.exitCode, 0, reason: '${r.stderr}');
           expect(File(p.join(probe, 'a.txt')).existsSync(), isFalse, reason: '실제 rsync 는 지움');
 
-          c.settings.rsyncOptions = opts;
+          c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = opts;
           final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: confirmed, confirmedOptions: confirmed ? opts : null);
-          c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+          c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
           final live = LiveSync(c);
           addTearDown(live.dispose);
           final k = LiveSync.keyOf(pair);
           for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-            await live.syncNow(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single);
+            await live.syncNow(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single);
             expect(live.status[k]!.$2, isNot(contains('실패')));
             expect([there('a.txt'), there('old.log'), there('extra.txt')], [true, true, true], reason: '자동 맞추기는 지우지 않음 ($i)');
             expect(there('b.txt') && there('c.log'), isTrue, reason: '보내기는 함');
@@ -264,13 +264,13 @@ void main() {
             expect(live.pending[k]!.where((d) => d.startsWith('− ')), isEmpty, reason: '− 줄이 늘 남지 않음');
           }
           // [지금 지우기 (확인)] - 창에 보일 목록은 미리 본 것 (a.txt 는 없음 - 그래서 빨간 경고와 체크)
-          final (list, _) = await live.previewDeletes(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single);
+          final (list, _) = await live.previewDeletes(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single);
           expect(list, unorderedEquals(['old.log', 'extra.txt']));
-          await live.deleteNow(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single);
+          await live.deleteNow(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single);
           expect([there('old.log'), there('extra.txt')], [false, false]);
           // 다음 자동 맞추기는 다시 보내기만
           File(p.join(dst, 'extra2.txt')).writeAsStringSync('x');
-          await live.syncNow(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single);
+          await live.syncNow(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single);
           expect(there('extra2.txt'), isTrue);
           expect(live.noAutoDelete[k], isNotEmpty);
         });
@@ -279,19 +279,19 @@ void main() {
 
     test('관리자 지시 (10/20): P (지키기) 는 이제 따른다 - 묻는 목록에 지킨 것 없음 · 확인 뒤 남음 · 다시 묻지 않음', () async {
       if (sceneRsync == null) return markTestSkipped('앱에 든 rsync 가 없음');
-      c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-a --filter="P old.log"';
+      c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-a --filter="P old.log"';
       final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, method: 'rsync', delete: true);
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       addTearDown(live.dispose);
       final k = LiveSync.keyOf(pair);
       await live.syncNow(pair);
       expect(live.noAutoDelete[k], isNull);
       expect(live.toDelete[k], ['extra.txt'], reason: 'old.log 는 지킴');
-      await live.decideDelete(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single, delete: true);
+      await live.decideDelete(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single, delete: true);
       expect((there('old.log'), there('extra.txt')), (true, false));
       for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-        await live.syncNow(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single);
+        await live.syncNow(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single);
         expect(live.toDelete[k], isNull, reason: '다시 묻지 않음 ($i)');
         expect(live.pending[k], isEmpty);
       }
@@ -299,9 +299,9 @@ void main() {
 
     test('미리 볼 수 있는 규칙만이면 예전처럼 (자동 지우기 · 묻기)', () async {
       if (sceneRsync == null) return markTestSkipped('앱에 든 rsync 가 없음');
-      c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-a --exclude=*.log';
+      c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-a --exclude=*.log';
       final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, method: 'rsync', delete: true);
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       addTearDown(live.dispose);
       await live.syncNow(pair);
@@ -312,9 +312,9 @@ void main() {
 
     testWidgets('[지금 지우기 (확인)] 창: 빨간 "미리 볼 수 없음" · 체크해야 [지우고 맞추기] · [지우지 않기] 는 없음', (tester) async {
       if (sceneRsync == null) return markTestSkipped('앱에 든 rsync 가 없음');
-      c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-a --filter="merge C:/jj_rules/rules.txt"'; // 아직 따르지 못하는 규칙 (H 는 이제 따름) · 목록 파일은 전체 경로
+      c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-a --filter="merge C:/jj_rules/rules.txt"'; // 아직 따르지 못하는 규칙 (H 는 이제 따름) · 목록 파일은 전체 경로
       final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: true);
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       addTearDown(live.dispose);
       late BuildContext ctx;
diff --git a/test/mirror_safety_test.dart b/test/mirror_safety_test.dart
index bd72cb2..8a42daa 100644
--- a/test/mirror_safety_test.dart
+++ b/test/mirror_safety_test.dart
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ void main() {
       () async {
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, method: 'rsync', delete: true);
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     await live.syncNow(pair);
     expect(live.status[LiveSync.keyOf(pair)]!.$2, '원본을 읽을 수 없어 멈춤');
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ void main() {
       ..writeAsStringSync('a');
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, delete: true); // 새 쌍: deleteConfirmed false
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     await live.syncNow(pair);
     final k = LiveSync.keyOf(pair);
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ void main() {
     expect(live.toDelete[k], unorderedEquals(['keep1.txt', 'sub']));
     expect(live.status[k]!.$2, contains('확인 필요'));
     // 지우기 포함으로 맞추기 (확인)
-    await live.decideDelete(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single, delete: true);
-    expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single.deleteConfirmed, isTrue);
+    await live.decideDelete(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single, delete: true);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single.deleteConfirmed, isTrue);
     expect(File(p.join(dst, 'keep1.txt')).existsSync(), isFalse);
     expect(live.toDelete[k], isNull);
     live.dispose();
diff --git a/test/monitor_modules_test.dart b/test/monitor_modules_test.dart
index 3b8e487..6b7f7ed 100644
--- a/test/monitor_modules_test.dart
+++ b/test/monitor_modules_test.dart
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ void main() {
     final a = LiveSyncPair(p.join(tmp.path, 'a'), p.join(tmp.path, 'A'));
     final b = LiveSyncPair(p.join(tmp.path, 'b'), p.join(tmp.path, 'B'));
     final d = LiveSyncPair(p.join(tmp.path, 'd'), p.join(tmp.path, 'D'));
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [a, b, d];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [a, b, d];
     await replaceLiveSyncPair(c, b, b.copyWith(enabled: false));
-    expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.map((x) => x.source), [a.source, b.source, d.source]);
-    expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.map((x) => x.enabled), [true, false, true]);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.map((x) => x.source), [a.source, b.source, d.source]);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.map((x) => x.enabled), [true, false, true]);
   });
 
   testWidgets('copy_task_card: 작업이 없으면 안내, 있으면 작업마다 카드', (tester) async {
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ void main() {
   testWidgets('live_pair_card: 화면 일은 부르는 쪽 콜백으로 (최종 정리 · 복사 목록으로)', (tester) async {
     final c = _controller();
     final x = LiveSyncPair(tmp.path, p.join(tmp.path, 'x'), method: 'builtin');
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [x];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [x];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 1000);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -95,12 +95,12 @@ void main() {
     // 스위치는 replaceLiveSyncPair 로 저장
     await tester.tap(find.byType(Switch));
     await tester.pump();
-    expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single.enabled, isFalse);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single.enabled, isFalse);
     // 복사 목록으로 옮기면 lsync 쌍은 빠지고 복사 작업이 생긴 뒤 부르는 쪽 콜백
     await tester.tap(find.text('복사 · rsync 로 이동'));
     await tester.pumpAndSettle();
     expect(shown, 1);
-    expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs, isEmpty);
-    expect(c.settings.copyTasks.single.dest, x.target);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs, isEmpty);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.tasks.single.dest, x.target);
   });
 }
diff --git a/test/monitor_test.dart b/test/monitor_test.dart
index 881372d..13d14bb 100644
--- a/test/monitor_test.dart
+++ b/test/monitor_test.dart
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ void main() {
       final single = File(p.join(tmp.path, 'single.txt'))..writeAsStringSync('s');
       final center = CopyCenter(c);
       final t = CopyTask(id: '9', sources: [src, single.path], dest: dst, move: true, method: 'rsync', prune: 'all', once: true);
-      await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copyTasks = [t]);
+      await c.updateSettings((x) => x.copy.tasks = [t]);
       expect(await center.toLiveSync(center.tasks.single), 1);
       final rest = center.tasks.single;
       expect(rest.sources, [single.path]);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ void main() {
     });
 
     test('같은 복사는 기억한 옵션 · 실행 결과 기록 · lsync 로 이동 · 다시 복사 목록으로', () async {
-      c.settings.copyMethodFolder = 'builtin'; // rsync 실행은 sync_tools_test (시험 환경에서는 path_provider 없음)
+      c.settings.copy.methodFolder = 'builtin'; // rsync 실행은 sync_tools_test (시험 환경에서는 path_provider 없음)
       final center = CopyCenter(c);
       final t = await center.remember([src], dst);
       await center.update(t.copyWith(options: '-a --custom', bandwidthKBps: 77));
@@ -114,12 +114,12 @@ void main() {
       // lsync 로: 원본 → 대상\이름
       expect(await center.toLiveSync(center.tasks.single), 1);
       expect(center.tasks, isEmpty);
-      final pair = c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single;
+      final pair = c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single;
       expect([pair.source, pair.target], [src, p.join(dst, 'src')]);
 
       // 다시 복사 목록으로 (안의 것 → 대상)
       final back = await center.fromLiveSync(pair);
-      expect(c.settings.liveSyncPairs, isEmpty);
+      expect(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs, isEmpty);
       expect([back.contents, back.dest], [true, p.join(dst, 'src')]);
       expect(back.method, Platform.isWindows ? 'rsync' : 'builtin'); // rsync 로 옮겨 온다 (쓸 수 있으면)
       File(p.join(src, 'new.txt')).writeAsStringSync('n');
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ void main() {
     });
 
     test('기억한 복사의 원본이 없어졌거나 자기 안으로면 시작하지 않고 실패로 남긴다', () async {
-      c.settings.copyMethodFolder = 'rsync';
+      c.settings.copy.methodFolder = 'rsync';
       final center = CopyCenter(c);
       final t = await center.remember([src], src); // 자기 안으로
       expect(await center.start(t), isNull);
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ void main() {
       final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, target, schedule: ['0 $off * * *'], delete: true);
       expect(await LiveSync.diff(pair), unorderedEquals(['a.txt', 'sub/b.txt']));
       expect(LiveSync.activeNow(pair), isFalse);
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
       final live = LiveSync(c)..start();
       // 모아서 3초 뒤 (컴퓨터가 바쁘면 늦을 수 있어 정해진 4초가 아니라 될 때까지 - 최대 20초)
       for (var i = 0; i < 80 && (live.pending[LiveSync.keyOf(pair)]?.length ?? 0) < 2; i++) {
@@ -191,10 +191,10 @@ void main() {
     test('설정 저장 · 읽기, Windows 는 종료 동작과 같은 값', () {
       final s = AppSettings()
         ..runInBackground = true
-        ..liveSyncOnStart = 'ask';
+        ..copy.liveSyncOnStart = 'ask';
       final r = AppSettings.fromJson(s.toJson());
-      expect([r.runInBackground, r.liveSyncOnStart], [true, 'ask']);
-      expect(AppSettings.fromJson({'liveSyncOnStart': 'x'}).liveSyncOnStart, 'auto');
+      expect([r.runInBackground, r.copy.liveSyncOnStart], [true, 'ask']);
+      expect(AppSettings.fromJson({'liveSyncOnStart': 'x'}).copy.liveSyncOnStart, 'auto');
       // 사용자 결정 (10/8): Android 백그라운드로 실행은 기본 켜짐. 사용자가 끈 값 (새 형식) 은 그대로
       expect(AppSettings.fromJson({}).runInBackground, isTrue);
       expect(AppSettings.fromJson({'runInBackground': false, 'backgroundV2': true}).runInBackground, isFalse);
@@ -218,9 +218,9 @@ void main() {
       final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
       final pa = LiveSyncPair(a.path, p.join(tmp.path, 'ta')), pb = LiveSyncPair(b.path, p.join(tmp.path, 'tb'));
       c.settings
-        ..liveSyncPairs = [pa, pb]
-        ..liveSyncOnStart = 'off';
-      final live = LiveSync(c)..start(hold: c.settings.liveSyncOnStart != 'auto');
+        ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [pa, pb]
+        ..copy.liveSyncOnStart = 'off';
+      final live = LiveSync(c)..start(hold: c.settings.copy.liveSyncOnStart != 'auto');
       // 맞추기 (rsync 프로세스) 가 끝난 뒤 닫고 지운다 - 도는 중에 지우면 "다른 프로세스가 사용 중" (전체 시험이 무거울 때)
       addTearDown(() async {
         for (var i = 0; i < 200 && live.anyRunning; i++) {
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ void main() {
       Directory(p.join(t.path, 'onlydir')).createSync();
       final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
       final pair = LiveSyncPair(a.path, t.path, method: 'builtin');
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       addTearDown(live.dispose);
       await live.refreshPending(pair);
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ void main() {
       File(p.join(a.path, '1.txt')).writeAsStringSync('1');
       final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
       final pair = LiveSyncPair(a.path, p.join(tmp.path, 't'), method: 'builtin');
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       final running = live.syncNow(pair);
       live.dispose();
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ void main() {
     addTearDown(() => tmp.deleteSync(recursive: true));
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     c.settings
-      ..copyTasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, '..'), method: 'builtin')]
-      ..liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(tmp.path, p.join(tmp.path, 'x'), schedule: const ['0 9-17 * * 1-5'])];
+      ..copy.tasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, '..'), method: 'builtin')]
+      ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(tmp.path, p.join(tmp.path, 'x'), schedule: const ['0 9-17 * * 1-5'])];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 1000);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.text('설정 반영 후 실행'), findsOneWidget);
     await tester.tap(find.text('현재 유지'));
     await tester.pumpAndSettle();
-    expect(c.settings.copyTasks.single.bandwidthKBps, 500);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.tasks.single.bandwidthKBps, 500);
     expect(CopyCenter.of(c).jobs, isEmpty);
 
     // lsync 탭: 일정 요약 · 맞추기 버튼
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ void main() {
     final tmp = Directory.systemTemp.createTempSync('jj_monbad_');
     addTearDown(() => tmp.deleteSync(recursive: true));
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
-    c.settings.copyTasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, '..'), method: 'rsync', options: '-av delete')];
+    c.settings.copy.tasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, '..'), method: 'rsync', options: '-av delete')];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 1000);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ void main() {
     final tmp = Directory.systemTemp.createTempSync('jj_mon233_');
     addTearDown(() => tmp.deleteSync(recursive: true));
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
-    c.settings.copyTasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, '..'), move: true, method: 'builtin')];
+    c.settings.copy.tasks = [CopyTask(id: '1', sources: [tmp.path], dest: p.join(tmp.path, '..'), move: true, method: 'builtin')];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1500, 1000);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -372,6 +372,6 @@ void main() {
     expect(find.text('받는 쪽이 더 새것이면 건너뛰기'), findsOneWidget);
     await tester.tap(find.text('받는 쪽이 더 새것이면 건너뛰기'));
     await tester.pump();
-    expect(c.settings.copySkipNewer, isFalse);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.skipNewer, isFalse);
   });
 }
diff --git a/test/move_settled_test.dart b/test/move_settled_test.dart
index 334231a..f5ad459 100644
--- a/test/move_settled_test.dart
+++ b/test/move_settled_test.dart
@@ -182,8 +182,8 @@ void main() {
   });
 
   test('229: 앱 직접 이동 - 받는 쪽이 더 새것이면 덮어쓰지 않고 원본도 남긴다 (환경 설정 처음 값 켜짐)', () async {
-    expect(AppSettings.fromJson({}).copySkipNewer, isTrue);
-    expect(AppSettings.fromJson((AppSettings()..copySkipNewer = false).toJson()).copySkipNewer, isFalse);
+    expect(AppSettings.fromJson({}).copy.skipNewer, isTrue);
+    expect(AppSettings.fromJson((AppSettings()..copy.skipNewer = false).toJson()).copy.skipNewer, isFalse);
     final old = File(p.join(src, 'older.txt'))..writeAsStringSync('old in src');
     old.setLastModifiedSync(DateTime.now().subtract(const Duration(days: 2)));
     File(p.join(dst, 'older.txt')).writeAsStringSync('NEW version in dst');
diff --git a/test/rsync_msys_args_test.dart b/test/rsync_msys_args_test.dart
index 0da64dd..93df706 100644
--- a/test/rsync_msys_args_test.dart
+++ b/test/rsync_msys_args_test.dart
@@ -225,14 +225,14 @@ void main() {
       final (s, d) = scene('ls', 'ld', ['a.txt'], ['old.txt']);
       final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
       c.settings
-        ..rsyncSource = 'custom'
-        ..rsyncPath = rsync
-        ..rsyncOptions = '-a'
-        ..liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(unc(s), unc(d), method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: true, confirmedOptions: '-a')];
+        ..copy.rsyncSource = 'custom'
+        ..copy.rsyncPath = rsync
+        ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-a'
+        ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(unc(s), unc(d), method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: true, confirmedOptions: '-a')];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       addTearDown(live.dispose);
-      await live.syncNow(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single);
-      expect(live.status[LiveSync.keyOf(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single)]!.$2, isNot(contains('실패')));
+      await live.syncNow(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single);
+      expect(live.status[LiveSync.keyOf(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single)]!.$2, isNot(contains('실패')));
       expect(treeOf(d).keys.toSet(), {'a.txt'});
     }, skip: Platform.isWindows ? false : 'Windows 만 (MSYS2 rsync)');
 
@@ -241,13 +241,13 @@ void main() {
       final (s, d) = scene("s'1", "d'2", ['a.txt'], ["it's.txt", "Bob's.txt", 'old.txt']);
       final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
       c.settings
-        ..rsyncSource = 'custom'
-        ..rsyncPath = rsync
-        ..rsyncOptions = '-a --exclude="it\'s.txt" --exclude="Bob\'s.txt"'
-        ..liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(s, d, method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: true, confirmedOptions: '-a --exclude="it\'s.txt" --exclude="Bob\'s.txt"')];
+        ..copy.rsyncSource = 'custom'
+        ..copy.rsyncPath = rsync
+        ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-a --exclude="it\'s.txt" --exclude="Bob\'s.txt"'
+        ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(s, d, method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: true, confirmedOptions: '-a --exclude="it\'s.txt" --exclude="Bob\'s.txt"')];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       addTearDown(live.dispose);
-      final pair = c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single;
+      final pair = c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single;
       await live.syncNow(pair);
       expect(live.status[LiveSync.keyOf(pair)]!.$2, isNot(contains('실패')));
       final t = treeOf(d);
diff --git a/test/rsync_phsr_test.dart b/test/rsync_phsr_test.dart
index 86587bd..aa84ddc 100644
--- a/test/rsync_phsr_test.dart
+++ b/test/rsync_phsr_test.dart
@@ -159,15 +159,15 @@ void main() {
       // ③ · ④ 실시간 동기화 (새 쌍 - 지울 것이 있으면 묻고, 확인하면 맞춤)
       final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
       c.settings
-        ..rsyncSource = 'custom'
-        ..rsyncPath = rsync
-        ..rsyncOptions = opts
+        ..copy.rsyncSource = 'custom'
+        ..copy.rsyncPath = rsync
+        ..copy.rsyncOptions = opts
         ..webdavServers = [dav()];
       for (final (label, target, local) in [('실시간 (로컬)', p.join(tmp.path, 'live'), true), ('실시간 (원격)', 'dav://$id/l', false)]) {
         final dir = local ? target : p.join(remote.path, 'l');
         writeScene(src, dir, srcFiles: _src, dstFiles: _dst);
         final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, target, method: 'rsync', delete: delete);
-        c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+        c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
         final live = LiveSync(c);
         final k = LiveSync.keyOf(pair);
         await live.syncNow(pair);
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ void main() {
         for (final a in asked) {
           if (!gone.contains(a)) why.add('$label: rsync 는 지우지 않는데 물음: $a');
         }
-        if (asked.isNotEmpty) await live.decideDelete(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single, delete: true);
+        if (asked.isNotEmpty) await live.decideDelete(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single, delete: true);
         for (final d in treeDiff(w, treeOf(dir))) {
           why.add('$label: $d');
         }
diff --git a/test/rsync_safety_test.dart b/test/rsync_safety_test.dart
index a5b2e21..98c773d 100644
--- a/test/rsync_safety_test.dart
+++ b/test/rsync_safety_test.dart
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void main() {
     c.settings
       ..webdavServers = [s]
       ..explorer.layout = 'single'
-      ..rsyncPaths = [left, 'dav://nas/'];
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [left, 'dav://nas/'];
     DavRegistry.configure([s]);
   });
   tearDown(() async {
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ void main() {
 
   testWidgets('100 · 95: WebDAV ⇄ + --delete - 미리 보기대로 → (지움) 다음 ← (지우지 않음), 한쪽에만 있던 새 파일이 양쪽에서 사라지지 않는다',
       (tester) async {
-    c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete';
+    c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete';
     await open(tester);
     await act(tester, () => tester.tap(find.text('좌 ⇄ 우')));
     await waitCompare(tester);
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ void main() {
 
   testWidgets('96: 원본 파일 지우기를 켜면 확인 창 · 미리 보기가 실제 실행할 (이동) 작업의 옵션으로 바뀐다', (tester) async {
     // 기억해 둔 (복사) 작업은 --delete 없음, 새 작업의 기본 옵션은 --delete 있음
-    c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete';
+    c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete';
     await open(tester);
     await CopyCenter.of(c)
         .remember([p.join(left, 'sub')], 'dav://nas/rsub', contents: true, method: 'rsync')
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ void main() {
   });
 
   testWidgets('97: [다시 비교] 하는 동안은 지우는 실행을 누를 수 없다', (tester) async {
-    c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --del';
+    c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --del';
     await open(tester);
     await act(tester, () => tester.tap(find.text('좌 → 우')));
     await waitCompare(tester);
@@ -150,13 +150,13 @@ void main() {
       await settle(tester, () => false, rounds: 60);
       expect(File(p.join(remote.path, 'rsub', 'a.txt')).existsSync(), isFalse);
       expect(File(p.join(left, 'sub', 'b.txt')).existsSync(), isFalse);
-      expect(c.settings.copyTasks, isEmpty);
+      expect(c.settings.copy.tasks, isEmpty);
       await tester.pump(const Duration(seconds: 20));
     });
   }
 
   testWidgets('110: 좁은 화면 - 비교가 끝나도 [취소] · [실행] 자리가 그대로, 창을 여러 번 열고 닫아도 실행되지 않음', (tester) async {
-    c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete';
+    c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete';
     HttpOverrides.global = null;
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(900, 1400); // 세로로 든 태블릿
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
diff --git a/test/security_bits_test.dart b/test/security_bits_test.dart
index c66cdcd..7c9d714 100644
--- a/test/security_bits_test.dart
+++ b/test/security_bits_test.dart
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ void main() {
 
   test('124-1: 지우려는 서버를 쓰는 실시간 동기화 · 기억된 작업을 찾는다', () {
     final s = AppSettings()
-      ..liveSyncPairs = [
+      ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [
         LiveSyncPair(r'C:\영상', 'dav://nas/백업'),
         LiveSyncPair(r'C:\a', r'D:\b'),
         LiveSyncPair('dav://other/x', r'C:\y'),
       ]
-      ..copyTasks = [
+      ..copy.tasks = [
         CopyTask(id: 't', sources: const ['dav://nas/사진'], dest: r'C:\사진', method: 'builtin', options: '', once: false),
       ];
     final users = davServerUsers(s, 'nas');
diff --git a/test/settings_text_focus_test.dart b/test/settings_text_focus_test.dart
index 1634ee2..55c1cc8 100644
--- a/test/settings_text_focus_test.dart
+++ b/test/settings_text_focus_test.dart
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import 'package:jj_mkvmaker/ui/settings_page.dart';
 void main() {
   testWidgets('213: 기본값 ("-avPog") 을 지나며 쳐도 칸이 그대로 (포커스 · 입력 이어짐) · ↺ 는 칸 안의 글도 되돌린다', (tester) async {
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
-    c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-avPo';
+    c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-avPo';
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1400, 1600);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ void main() {
       expect(tester.state(find.byType(TextFormField).first), same(first), reason: '칸을 새로 만들지 않음 ($t)');
       expect(tester.testTextInput.hasAnyClients, isTrue, reason: '포커스 그대로 ($t)');
     }
-    expect(c.settings.rsyncOptions, '-avPog -');
+    expect(c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions, '-avPog -');
     // ↺: 칸 안의 글도 기본값으로
     await tester.tap(find.byTooltip('기본값으로 ($defaultRsyncOptions)').first);
     await tester.pump();
-    expect(c.settings.rsyncOptions, defaultRsyncOptions);
+    expect(c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions, defaultRsyncOptions);
     expect(find.text(defaultRsyncOptions), findsWidgets);
   });
 
diff --git a/test/small_items_test.dart b/test/small_items_test.dart
index c69377f..889f359 100644
--- a/test/small_items_test.dart
+++ b/test/small_items_test.dart
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ void main() {
   });
 
   test('WebDAV 가 끼면 탐색기 복사 확인 창에 robocopy 가 아니라 실제 방법 (현재 방식)', () {
-    c.settings.copyMethodFolder = 'robocopy';
+    c.settings.copy.methodFolder = 'robocopy';
     final t = CopyCenter.of(c).fresh(['dav://nas/a'], r'C:\dst');
     expect(CopyMethod.of(t.method), CopyMethod.builtin);
     // Rsync 화면 (방법을 정해서) 은 그대로
diff --git a/test/sync_alert_test.dart b/test/sync_alert_test.dart
index bf6ce05..b574f22 100644
--- a/test/sync_alert_test.dart
+++ b/test/sync_alert_test.dart
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void main() {
     addTearDown(() => tmp.deleteSync(recursive: true));
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     final pair = LiveSyncPair(p.join(tmp.path, 'gone'), p.join(tmp.path, 'dst'));
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     final shell = _Shell();
     var opened = 0;
diff --git a/test/sync_problem_test.dart b/test/sync_problem_test.dart
index ab93940..fbcda4c 100644
--- a/test/sync_problem_test.dart
+++ b/test/sync_problem_test.dart
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ void main() {
 
   test('68: 원본을 읽을 수 없으면 문제로 기억 (짧은 원인 · 원문 예외 없음) · "맞출 것 없음" 이 아님 · 작업 알림 맨 앞', () async {
     final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, delete: true).copyWith(deleteConfirmed: true);
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     final k = LiveSync.keyOf(pair);
     await live.refreshPending(pair);
@@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ void main() {
 
   test('258: 멈춘 쌍을 지우면 "동기화 멈춤" 도 바로 사라진다 (앱을 다시 켜지 않아도)', () async {
     final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, delete: true).copyWith(deleteConfirmed: true);
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
     final live = LiveSync(c)..start();
     final k = LiveSync.keyOf(pair);
     await live.syncNow(pair);
     expect(live.problems[k], isNotNull);
-    await c.updateSettings((s) => s.liveSyncPairs = []);
+    await c.updateSettings((s) => s.copy.liveSyncPairs = []);
     expect(live.problems, isEmpty);
     live.dispose();
   });
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ void main() {
   test('70: 원본이 정말 비었으면 멈추고 지울 목록 → [그래도 맞추기] 로 그 한 번만 지운다', () async {
     Directory(src).createSync();
     final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, delete: true).copyWith(deleteConfirmed: true);
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     final k = LiveSync.keyOf(pair);
     await live.syncNow(pair);
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ void main() {
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     // 안쪽 → 바깥, 지우기 없음: 맞춘다 (다른 파일은 그대로)
     final ok = LiveSyncPair(inner, outer);
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [ok];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [ok];
     await live.syncNow(ok);
     expect(File(p.join(outer, 'new.txt')).existsSync(), isTrue);
     expect(File(p.join(outer, 'other.txt')).existsSync(), isTrue);
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ void main() {
       (tester) async {
     Directory(src).createSync();
     final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst, delete: true).copyWith(deleteConfirmed: true);
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     LiveSync.instance = live;
     addTearDown(() {
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ void main() {
     Directory(src).createSync();
     File(p.join(src, 'x.txt')).writeAsStringSync('x');
     final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, dst);
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     LiveSync.instance = live;
     addTearDown(() {
@@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ void main() {
       ..writeAsStringSync('r');
     c.settings
       ..explorer.layout = 'single'
-      ..rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete'
-      ..rsyncPaths = [l, r];
+      ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-avPog --delete'
+      ..copy.rsyncPaths = [l, r];
     tester.view.physicalSize = const Size(1600, 900);
     tester.view.devicePixelRatio = 1;
     addTearDown(tester.view.reset);
diff --git a/test/sync_tools_test.dart b/test/sync_tools_test.dart
index 28315f3..ea2f747 100644
--- a/test/sync_tools_test.dart
+++ b/test/sync_tools_test.dart
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ void main() {
     });
 
     test('파일 탐색기 복사 방법: 현재 방식 (기본) · robocopy, 예전 값 rsync 는 현재 방식으로 (rsync 는 Rsync 화면)', () {
-      expect([AppSettings().copyMethodFile, AppSettings().copyMethodFolder], ['builtin', 'builtin']);
-      expect(AppSettings.fromJson({'copyMethodFolder': 'rsync', 'copyMethodFile': 'rsync'}).copyMethodFolder, 'builtin');
-      expect(AppSettings.fromJson({'copyMethodFolder': 'robocopy'}).copyMethodFolder, 'robocopy');
-      final s = AppSettings()..rsyncPaths = ['/a', '/b'];
-      expect(AppSettings.fromJson(s.toJson()).rsyncPaths, ['/a', '/b']);
+      expect([AppSettings().copy.methodFile, AppSettings().copy.methodFolder], ['builtin', 'builtin']);
+      expect(AppSettings.fromJson({'copyMethodFolder': 'rsync', 'copyMethodFile': 'rsync'}).copy.methodFolder, 'builtin');
+      expect(AppSettings.fromJson({'copyMethodFolder': 'robocopy'}).copy.methodFolder, 'robocopy');
+      final s = AppSettings()..copy.rsyncPaths = ['/a', '/b'];
+      expect(AppSettings.fromJson(s.toJson()).copy.rsyncPaths, ['/a', '/b']);
     });
 
     test('양쪽 (⇄) rsync 는 -u 를 더한다 (이미 있으면 그대로)', () {
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ void main() {
       expect(rc('/E /SJ'), isNot(contains('/XJ')));
       expect(rc('/E /xjd').where((o) => o.toUpperCase().startsWith('/XJ')), ['/xjd']);
       expect([robocopySkipsLinks(['/E']), robocopySkipsLinks(['/E', '/SJ'])], [true, false]);
-      final live = LiveSync.robocopyArgsFor(LiveSyncPair(r'C:\a', r'D:\b'), AppSettings()..robocopyOptions = '/E');
+      final live = LiveSync.robocopyArgsFor(LiveSyncPair(r'C:\a', r'D:\b'), AppSettings()..copy.robocopyOptions = '/E');
       expect(live, contains('/XJ'));
     });
 
@@ -277,20 +277,20 @@ void main() {
     test('실시간 동기화: 지금 맞추기 (현재 방식) · 상태', () async {
       final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
       final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, p.join(tmp.path, 'mirror'));
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       await live.syncNow(pair);
       expect(File(p.join(tmp.path, 'mirror', 'sub', 'b.txt')).readAsStringSync(), 'bbb');
       expect(live.status[LiveSync.keyOf(pair)]!.$2, contains('3'));
       // 대상이 원본 안이면 거부
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(src, p.join(src, 'in'))];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [LiveSyncPair(src, p.join(src, 'in'))];
       live.start();
-      expect(live.status[LiveSync.keyOf(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.first)]!.$2, contains('안에'));
+      expect(live.status[LiveSync.keyOf(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.first)]!.$2, contains('안에'));
       live.dispose();
       // 설정 저장 · 읽기
       final back = AppSettings.fromJson(c.settings.toJson());
-      expect(back.liveSyncPairs.single.target, p.join(src, 'in'));
-      expect([back.copyMethodFolder, back.rsyncOptions, back.copyRunMode, back.rsyncSource],
+      expect(back.copy.liveSyncPairs.single.target, p.join(src, 'in'));
+      expect([back.copy.methodFolder, back.copy.rsyncOptions, back.copy.runMode, back.copy.rsyncSource],
           ['builtin', '-avPog', 'each', 'download']);
     });
   });
diff --git a/test/webdav_test.dart b/test/webdav_test.dart
index 6db552e..95785d0 100644
--- a/test/webdav_test.dart
+++ b/test/webdav_test.dart
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ void main() {
     // 예전에 확인한 쌍은 처음 맞출 때 지금 옵션을 기억하며 설정을 저장한다 (서버 목록도 설정에서 다시 읽음) - 시험 서버를 설정에도
     c.settings.webdavServers = [DavServer(id: id, name: '집 NAS', url: server.url, user: 'user', password: 'pass')];
     final pair = LiveSyncPair(p.join(local.path, 'live'), 'dav://$id/mirror', method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: true);
-    c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+    c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     expect(await LiveSync.diff(pair), unorderedEquals(['a.txt', 'sub/b.txt', '− old.txt']));
     await live.syncNow(pair);
@@ -336,10 +336,10 @@ void main() {
       final before = treeOf(got);
       // rsync 가 지운 것 (받는 쪽에 있다가 없어진 것)
       final gone = [for (final k in before.keys) if (!w.containsKey(k)) k];
-      c.settings.rsyncOptions = opts;
+      c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = opts;
       // 새 쌍 (지우기 확인 전) - 지울 것이 있으면 지우지 않고 맞춘 뒤 [toDelete] 로 묻는다
       final pair = LiveSyncPair(src, 'dav://$id/live', method: 'rsync', delete: optionsDelete(opts));
-      c.settings.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
+      c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs = [pair];
       final live = LiveSync(c);
       final k = LiveSync.keyOf(pair);
       final why = <String>[];
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ void main() {
       for (final a in asked) {
         if (!gone.contains(a)) why.add('rsync 는 지우지 않는데 물음: $a');
       }
-      if (asked.isNotEmpty) await live.decideDelete(c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single, delete: true);
+      if (asked.isNotEmpty) await live.decideDelete(c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single, delete: true);
       why.addAll(treeDiff(w, treeOf(got)));
       if ((live.pending[k] ?? const []).isNotEmpty) why.add('맞춘 뒤에도 맞출 것: ${live.pending[k]}');
       live.dispose();
@@ -368,18 +368,18 @@ void main() {
     final c = AppController(PlatformServices(mediaTool: ProcessMediaTool('x', 'y'), storage: DesktopStorageService()));
     c.settings
       ..webdavServers = [DavServer(id: id, name: '집 NAS', url: server.url, user: 'user', password: 'pass')]
-      ..rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp'
-      ..liveSyncPairs = [
+      ..copy.rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp'
+      ..copy.liveSyncPairs = [
         LiveSyncPair(p.join(local.path, 'rq'), 'dav://$id/rqd',
             method: 'rsync', delete: true, deleteConfirmed: true, confirmedOptions: '-av --exclude=*.tmp'),
       ];
     final live = LiveSync(c);
     addTearDown(live.dispose);
-    LiveSyncPair pair() => c.settings.liveSyncPairs.single;
+    LiveSyncPair pair() => c.settings.copy.liveSyncPairs.single;
     final k = LiveSync.keyOf(pair());
     await live.syncNow(pair());
     expect(live.toDelete[k], isNull);
-    c.settings.rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded';
+    c.settings.copy.rsyncOptions = '-av --exclude=*.tmp --delete-excluded';
     await live.syncNow(pair());
     expect(live.toDelete[k], ['only.tmp']);
     expect(live.reasked, contains(k));